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Flashcards

Crim - Test 1

Samantha Hartemink Criminology English 95 cards

Cards in this deck (95)

  1. 1Community Policing/Responsibilization strategiesa partnership of citizens, community groups, and private interests encourages by the police to take responsibility for ensuring the safety and security of their communities
  2. 2Crime Complexa constellation of issues that frame the public's perceptions of high crime rates and consequent fears
  3. 3electronic metadata trawlingintelligence gathering through the monitoring of electronic data in an effort to thwart future terrorist threats
  4. 4First Nations policing policy"to contribute to the improvement of social order, public security, and personal safety in First Nations communities, including that of women, children, and other vulnerable groups" (Auditor General Canada, 2014)
  5. 5First Nations Policing Programestablished funding arrangements between the federal and provincial/territorial governments and First Nations and Inuit communities in order to enhance the quality of policing services
  6. 6Peel's Principlesnine principles put forward by Sir Robert Peel to guide the police in their duties
  7. 7PolicingNON-military individuals - a "process" in which a myriad of individuals, government agencies, organizations, partnerships, and private-sector corporations combine to mitigate and prevent threats to public safety
  8. 8Private Securitysometimes referred to as private police' the security officers that provide security based on the interests of their respective employers, who sometimes may, in fact, be government/public institutions
  9. 9Public Policingpublic police officers who are employed, trained and paid for by the State and whose principal mandate is to enforce state laws (Seagrace 1997, 2)
  10. 10According to the text, _______ is NOT a factor reshaping public policingpopulation
  11. 11Features of the crime complex do NOT include ________.the criminal justice system is viewed as adequate and effective
  12. 12Federal policing in Canada fall under the jurisdiction of the ________.RCMP
  13. 13_______ have chosen to establish and maintain independent provincial police forces.Quebec, Ontario, Newfoundland
  14. 14Regionalizationwhen adjacent municipalities amalgamate their individual police departments into one.
  15. 15Band constables responsible for administering __________.band bylaws
  16. 16acquitteda finding of not guilty
  17. 17adjudication phasethe initial phase in a criminal trial where evidence is introduced, witnesses are examined and cross-examined, and arguments are summarized
  18. 18bailgranted release, with or without conditions
  19. 19balance of probabilitiesa matter of weighing the preponderance of the evidence that has been entered
  20. 20burden of proofthe requirement placed on the prosecution to prove the accused's guilt
  21. 21common law, or case lawmade up of precedents, or decisions made by judges in earlier cases, which then serve to guide the decisions to be made by other judges
  22. 22consensus perspectivesees laws as originating out of a democratic society's sense of needs and shared values and beliefs about what is right and wrong
  23. 23criminal code of Canadafirst enacted in 1892, it is the principal source of criminal law in Canada
  24. 24critical perspectivesees society dominated by powerful economic groups who successfully influence the government to pass laws that serve their long-term needs and interests
  25. 25disposition phase - or sentencing phaseboth the prosecution and the defence are entitled to make submissions to the court regarding what each regards to be an appropriate sentence given the particulars offence.
  26. 26Guilty beyond a reasonable doubtthe decision made by the judge or jury if the evident presented by the prosecution convince them of the accused's guilt; on the other hand, if any reasonable doubt it held, Canadian law stipulates that the accused must be acquitted
  27. 27Habeas corpusthe right to challenge being detained or held in custody, and to be presumed innocent until proven guilty
  28. 28judicial interim releaserelease of the accused if not brought before a judge or justice of the peace at the earliest opportunity, usually within 24 hours
  29. 29parolea conditional release from incarceration
  30. 30penitentiariescorrectional facilities funded and operated by the federal government which incarcerated serve sentences or 2 or more years
  31. 31plaintiffan individual, a company, or both, seeking damages from another in a civil trial
  32. 32precedentsthe decisions made by judges in previous similar cases
  33. 33prejudicialinformation that could bias the outcome of a verdict
  34. 34prisonscorrectional facilities funded and operated by provincial and territorial governments which hold inmates with sentences of less than 2 years
  35. 35probationa court-ordered sentence under which an offender is supervised in the community
  36. 36quasi-criminal lawslaws regarding particular areas that do fall within provincial jurisdiction, and which specify penalties for the violation of their provisions
  37. 37respondentan individual, a company, or both, from whom damages are being sought in a civil trial
  38. 38stare decisisto stand by decided matters
  39. 39statutesformal codified legislation passed by governments
  40. 40basic qualificationsthe bare minimum qualities a person should possess to apply to a police service
  41. 41field trainingthe period of time a recruit spends on the street with a coach officer
  42. 42in-service trainingpolice officers receive in-service training at different periods of their career
  43. 43lateral transfersexperienced officers who leave one police agency to serve in another. It can be considered a commodity, without the cost of training, to the one they are coming to,
  44. 44position specific trainingpolice officers who successfully compete for special sections may then be required to attend further training courses that passing the course will determine if they are able to move into the position, this could include ERT, Marine Squad, Forensics and or Polygrapher.
  45. 45preferred qualificationsQualifications that police agencies are specifically seeking in order to ensure police agencies are employing the highest qualified people with a balance for also representing the community they serve, such as ethnicity and gender. This could also include university degrees and/or language skills.
  46. 46recruit trainingthe period of time a recruit officer spends in a training institution.
  47. 47recruiting processthe steps an applicant will take while being recruited and considered for employment. Will often include entrance exam, physical test, a medical, polygraph, and back suitability investigation
  48. 48recruitmentthe "development of a pool of sufficiently qualified applicants from which to select officers" (Gaines, 2003)
  49. 49the Five CsCourage, character, commitment, compassion, and communication (Arnold, 2014)
  50. 50Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC)A closed police database system that is maintained by the RCMP and contains info including criminal records, warrants, stolen property, and alerts for police.
  51. 51Code 2Operating a police vehicle with emergency lights only, driving as safely as possible, yet often outside of the guidelines of the respective Motor Vehicle Act, such as exceeding posted speed limits or stopping and clearing an intersection, then continuing on through the red light.
  52. 52Code 3Operating a vehicle with full emergency lights and sirens
  53. 53Code drivingA common police term for driving outside of the guidelines set out within the provincial or territorial Motor Vehicle Act
  54. 54DiscretionThe freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation
  55. 55EthicsMoral principles that govern a person's or group's behaviour
  56. 56Extrajudicial measurespolice taking steps other than officially engaging the court process (ex. a no-case seizure of a marijuana cigarette from a person observed smoking it in public)
  57. 57grow-ripsa slang term for an unauthorized marijuana grow op. that has had marijuana stolen from its location
  58. 58hotspota location with a high concentration of offences, offenders, or targets
  59. 59Master statusthe tendency of others to view a person in terms of a key attribute such as that person's authoritative role in society (ex. police officer has legal authority to enforce the law, therefore, has master status.)
  60. 60MoralsConcerned with the principles of right and wrong in human characters
  61. 61Reasonable groundsan assessment of available info or of a situation, in the totality of the circumstances.
  62. 62Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC)A closed police database system that is maintained by the RCMP. Includes info about criminal records, warrants, stolen property, and alerts to the police.
  63. 63Appearance NoticeAn official notice compelling a person to appear in court to face charges
  64. 64arrest warranta court documented issued when there are probable grounds to believe someone has committed a criminal offence. this authorizes police to arrest said person
  65. 65detentionpolice may temporarily detain someone of the grounds of reasonable suspicion for the purpose of gathering information. (ex. detaining someone for impaired driving to conduct a breathalyzer test)
  66. 66exigent circumstancesemergency situations requiring immediate intervention/aid
  67. 67habeas corpusthe legal right to challenge being held in custody
  68. 68informationa document submitted under oath by police to a court official containing allegations that the police have reasonable grounds to believe that particular person has committed a specific offence and should be arrested. An "information to obtain" may be also be sworn before a court official in order to obtain a search warrant
  69. 69promise to appearrelease given to an offender under a promise to attend court on a specific date
  70. 70search warranta court order issued to police authorizing them to conduct a search of a person, a location, or vehicle for evidence of a crime. A search warrant will also authorize seizure of the evidence
  71. 71accountabilitythe fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility
  72. 72administrative accountabilityrelated to the management of running the police force.
  73. 73case lawthe law as established by the outcome of earlier cases; precedent law
  74. 74civilian observationa civilian observer is assigned to a police investigation to ensure that the investigation is conducted with impartiality
  75. 75code of silencea condition in effect where a person either voluntarily or involuntarily withholds info that is important to a situation
  76. 76constitutional obligationthe government and agents of the government such as the police must carry out their work within the spirit and intent of the Canadian charter or Rights and Freedoms
  77. 77dependent modelthe situation of the police investigating themselves.
  78. 78discretionthe freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation.
  79. 79due processfair treatment through the normal judicial system
  80. 80full answer and defencea constitutionally protected right based upon the premise of innocent until proven guilty. In order to be able to make full answer and defence in a court proceeding, the accused must be provided with the evidentiary "fruits of the investigation" that the police have gathered
  81. 81Globe and Mail testa reminder that on any given investigation, interview or action of the police could end up on the front page of Globe and Mail, police should keep in mind what the public would think
  82. 82Hybrid investigation (part of interdependent model)An investigation comprised of a civilian oversight body whose involvement in the investigation goes beyond the role of mere overseer
  83. 83interdependent modelcivilian oversight of the conduct of the police
  84. 84multicultural mosaica mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures that co-exist
  85. 85paramilitary modelan organizational structure that is similar to the military command and control and hierarchy; the military bureaucratic model or police organization that can be traced historically to the influence of Sir Robert Peel
  86. 86police investigating another police force (part of dependent model)a police force may engage another force to investigate one of their officers or units on more serious or high-profile matters.
  87. 87Police investigating police (part of dependent model)a police force may investigate one of its own officers or units internally. Most often, this approach is taken on minor misconduct allegations.
  88. 88policy-based inquiriesmandated to examine a particular area or issues of public policy and to make recommendations for future policy direction
  89. 89Public confidencea measure of public sentiment with regard to trust in a person or institution
  90. 90public inquiriesmandated to find and report on facts
  91. 91redactionthe censoring or obscuring of part of a text for legal or security purposes
  92. 92self-accountabilityin the context of being a police officer, it means taking full responsibilities for actions on and off duty
  93. 93supervisory accountabilityresponsible for is or actions and decision making as well as the actions of the people reporting to the supervisor. The higher the rank, the higher the accountability.
  94. 94vettingtext in documents that is, on specific legal principles, made unavailable for review by defence counsel, for example, information from confidential informers that would identify the informer.
  95. 95warned interviewan interview undertaken by police with an individual under arrest or detention, after they have been advised of their rights (section 10(a) and (b) charter rights and to silence)

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Criminology (CRIM 1120) Flashcards on Crim - Test 1, created by Samantha Hartemink on 03/06/2019.
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