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Flashcards

Law Key Terms

Sbhenry Law High School English 44 cards

Cards in this deck (44)

  1. 1LAWLaws reflect the values and beliefs of a society.
    1. laws are a set of rules established and enforced by the government.
    2. Laws are mandatory.
    3. laws involve a detailed system of consequences.
  2. 2Lobbyattempt to influence government to benefit a particular group or organization
  3. 3Substantive LawThe laws that outline your rights and obligations in society.
    Divided into Public and Private Law.
  4. 4Procedural LawThe legal processes involved in protecting our rights
    Divided into Criminal, Constitutional, and administrative law.
  5. 5Public LawControls the relationship between individuals and the state.
    Divided into Criminal, Constitutional, and Administrative.
  6. 6Criminal LawThe body of public law that defines crimes and punishments
  7. 7Constitutional LawOutlines the structure and powers of the federal and provincial governments and addresses all issues concerning the Charter
  8. 8Administrative LawOutlines the relationship between citizens and government bodies
  9. 9Private LawOutlines the legal relationship between private individuals and organizations.
    Divided into Tort, Family, Contract, and Property, and Labour Law.
  10. 10Civil LawThe private law governing the relationships between individuals. Another term for Private Law.
  11. 11PlaintiffThe person suing in a civil action
  12. 12DefendantIn civil law, the person who is being sued; in criminal law, the person charged with an offence.
  13. 13Tort LawThe area of law dealing with damages caused by a person or organization.
  14. 14Family LawThe area of law that regulates aspects of family life.
  15. 15Contract LawOutlines the requirements for legally binding agreements and remedies if the agreement is breached.
  16. 16Labour and Employment LawLabour law governs the relationships between employers and unions; employment law governs the relationship between employers and employees.
  17. 17Code of HammurabiOne of the earliest know set of written laws, recorded by King Hammurabi of Babylon(now Iraq) in 1750 BCE; nearly 300 laws carved in columns of stone.
  18. 18Mosaic LawThe laws Moses gave to the Hebrew people. The Bible tells the story of Moses getting these laws from God engraved on two stone tablets (the Ten Commandments).
    1240 BCE
  19. 19Justinian CodeThe Byzantine emperor Justinian codified 1000 years of Roman laws in the Justinian Code. It was a collection of past Roman laws, opinions from legal experts, and new laws enacted by Justinian, and it emphasized equality under the law. 550 CE
  20. 20Magna CartaA famous document that the English nobility force King John to sign in 1215. It recognized the principal of the rule of law, which is the idea that all people - rulers and commoners alike - have to follow the same laws.
  21. 21Napoleonic CodeAlso called the French civil code, it was a revised set of civil laws for all French people. Because Napoleon conquered much of Europe around this time, this new set of laws became the legal model for many European countries.
  22. 22CodificationThe process of assembling a system of laws into a body of statues.
  23. 23RetributionA deserved punishment for a wrong
  24. 24RestitutionThe act of making good, restoring, or compensating a person for a wrong that was done to him or her.
  25. 25Feudal SystemA political, social, and economic system prevalent in Europe between the ninth and fifteenth centuries.
  26. 26Common LawA system of law based on past legal decision; also known as case law
  27. 27Case LawRecorded written decisions of judges; also known as common law
  28. 28PrecedentA legal decision that serves as an example and authority in subsequent similar cases.
  29. 29AppealReferring a case to a higher court to reconsider the lower court’s decision
  30. 30CitationThe reference for a legal case
  31. 31Rule of LawThe fundamental principle that the law applies equally to all persons
  32. 32Habeas CorpusA document that requires a person to be brought to court to determine if he or she is being legally detained
  33. 33StatuteA law passed by a legislative body
  34. 34Civil RightsThe rights of citizens that limit the power of governments
  35. 35The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the CitizenA document that influenced the development of rights and freedoms in other democracies
  36. 36Amending FormulaThe procedure to change (amend) Canada’s Constitution
  37. 37PatriationThe process of bringing legislation back under the legal authority of the country to which it applies
  38. 38JurisdictionAuthority to do something, such as make laws
  39. 39BillA proposed law; a draft form of an act or statue
  40. 40Reasonable Limits ClauseThe provision (clause) in the Charter stating that the Charter rights and freedoms are not absolute, so they can be limited if there is justification – Section 1
  41. 41Rights and FreedomsLegal entitlements that people can expect from the government
  42. 42Burden of ProofThe onus to bringing forth proof (evidence) to prove someone’s legal argument to the court
  43. 43Notwithstanding ClauseThe provision (clause) in the Charter that allows governments to create certain laws that contradict some Charter rights – Section 33
  44. 44Fundamental FreedomsBasic freedoms, such as expression or religion, contained in the Charter

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High School Law Flashcards on Law Key Terms, created by Sbhenry on 08/01/2015.
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Sbhenry
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