Flashcards
Cross Sectional - Abdomen
Cards in this deck (153)
- 1Abdominal Cavity: • From ___ to sacral ____• Diaphragm ; promontory
- 2Parietal Peritoneum: • Lines the _____ walls• Abdominal
- 3Visceral Peritoneum: • ____ the organs• Covers
- 4Serous Fluid: • ____ between the two layers• Lubricant
- 5Structures within Peritoneal Cavity: • ____ • _____ • ____ • ____ • _____ • Majority of ___ and ____ ____• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Spleen
• Stomach
• Ovaries
• Large and small intestines - 6Mesentery: • ____ layer of peritoneum enclosing and attaching the _____ to the abdominal wall• Double ; intestine
- 7Great and Lester Omentum: • Double layer of ____ attached to stomach, ____, ___ and ___ colon • ____ storage centers• Peritoneum ; spleen ; liver ; transverse
• Fat - 8Falciform Ligament: • Extends from ____ to ____ abdominal wall • Divides ___ into right and left lobes• Liver ; anterior
• Liver - 9Ligamentum Venosum: • Separates ___ lobe from ___ lobe • Remnant of ____ ____• Caudate ; left
• Ductus Venosus - 10Coronary Ligaments: • Attaches ____ liver to diaphragm• Superior
- 11Peritoneal Spaces: • Potential spaces resulting from ___ of peritoneum that extend from the ____ to abdominal wall• Folds ; viscera
- 12Infracolic Compartment: • _____ transverse colon • Contain right and left ____ spaces and ____ gutters • Right paracolic gutter common site for ____ ____• Below
• Infracolic ; paracolic
• Fluid collections - 13Supracolic Compartment: • ____ transverse colon • Contain right and left ____ spaces and right and left ____ spaces• Above
• Subphrenic ; subhepatic - 14Subphrenic Spaces: • Between ___ and anterior ___• Diaphragm ; liver
- 15Subhepatic Spaces: • ____ and _____ to liver and abdominal ____• Posterior ; inferior ; viscera
- 16Retroperitoneal Space: • Space ____ to peritoneum• Posterior
- 17Structures Located in Retroperitoneum: • ____ • ____ • _____ _____ • ____ • _____ • _____• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Adrenal Glands
• Pancreas
• Duodenum
• Aorta - 18Structures Located in Retroperitoneum Cont.: • ____ • _____ • ____ • ____ • _____ ____ • _____ ____• IVC
• Bladder
• Uterus
• Prostate
• Ascending Colon
• Descending Colon - 19Liver: • _____ organ of abdomen • Occupies ____• Largest
• RUQ - 20Liver: • Considered a _____ organ since it is completely covered by ____ with the exception of the ____ ____• Peritoneal ; peritoneum ; gallbladder fossa
- 21Liver: • The liver is divided into ____ lobes• 4
- 22Liver Lobes: • ____ lobe • ____ lobe • ____ lobe • ____ lobe• Right
• Left
• Caudate
• Quadrate - 23Right Lobe: • ____ lobe• Largest
- 24Left Lobe: • Most ____ of liver lobes, extending across ____• Anterior ; midline
- 25Caudate Lobe: • ____ lobe • Located _____/_____ surface between IVC and ____ ____• Smallest
• Superior/Posterior ; ligamentum venosum - 26Quadrate Lobe: • Located ____/____ surface of left lobe between ____ and ____ ____• Inferior/Posterior ; gallbladder ; ligamentum teres
- 27Portal Hepatic System: • Delivers ___-____ blood from GI tract to ____ for processing• Nutrient-rich ; liver
- 28Portal Vein: • ____ vessel of portal hepatic system • Formed by the union of the ___ ___ vein and the ____ vein• Major
• Superior mesenteric ; splenic - 29Portal Vein: • Enter liver through ___ ___ • Divided into ____ and ____ portal vein• Porta Hepatis
• Right ; left - 30Liver Vasculature: Dual Blood Supply Common Hepatic Artery: • ____, arterial blood ____• Oxygenated ; inflow
- 31Liver Vasculature: Dual Blood Supply Portal Vein: • _____-____, oxygenated venous blood ___• Nutrient-rich ; inflow
- 32Common Hepatic Artery: • One of the ____ branches off of the ____ ___; later renamed the ___ ___ then divides into the ___ and ____ hepatic arteries• Three ; celiac axis ; proper hepatic ; right ; left
- 33Venous Drainage: • ____ hepatic vessels merge into ___ major hepatic veins that empty into the ____ just below the diaphragm • ___ hepatic vein, ____ hepatic vein, ____ hepatic vein• Small ; three ; IVC
• Right ; middle ; left - 34Liver: IVC • Lies in ____ along ___ wall of liver• Groove ; posterior
- 35Biliary System: • Comprised of ____ and ____ ducts• Gallbladder ; bile
- 36Biliary System Function: • ____, ___ and ___ bile from liver to duodenum• Drain ; store ; transport
- 37Intrahepatic Bile Ducts: • Collect bile formed in ____ and ____ bile to gallbladder • ____ into successively ___ ducts until they form the right and left ____ ducts• Liver ; transports
• Merge ; larger ; hepatic - 38Extrahepatic Bile Ducts: • Biliary ducts that continue ___ the liver • The _____ bile duct continues outside the liver descending ____ along hepatic artery and portal vein• Outside
• Common ; caudally - 39Extrahepatic Bile Ducts: • The common bile duct joins the ____ of ____ (main pancreatic duct) before entering the ____ • ____ enters duodenum at the ____ of ____• Duct of Wirsung ; duodenum
• CBD ; Ampulla of Vater - 40Pancreas: • ____, ____ organ posterior to stomach located ____ transverse • ____ and ____ gland• Long ; narrow ; obliquely
• Endocrine ; exocrine - 41Pancreas Divides into: • ____ • ____ ____ -extension of head • ____ • ____ • ____• Head
• Uncinate Process
• Neck
• Body
• Tail - 42Pancreas Arterial Supply: • Supplied oxygenated blood from branches of the ____ artery and ____ ____ artery• Celiac ; superior mesenteric
- 43Pancreas Venous Supply: • Venous blood drained via ___ ___ vein and/or ____ vein into portal vein• Superior mesenteric ; splenic
- 44Pancreas Endocrine Functions: • ____ of ____ secretions • Insulin: regulates ___ ____ and utilization of _____ • Glucagon: _____ actions of insulin; ___ sugar levels by increasing rate of ____ breakdown and glucose ____ in liver• Islets of Langerhans
• Cellular absorption ; glucose
• Opposite ; raises ; glycogen ; synthesis - 45Pancreas Exocrine Functions: • Exocrine gland ____ are transported to duodenum via pancreatic ducts and ____ ____ duct (Duct of Wirsung)• Enzymes ; main pancreatic
- 46Pancreatic Exocrine Functions: • Amylase: digestion of ____ • Lipase: digestion of ____ • Peptidases: digestion of ____ • Sodium Bicarbonate: Neutralizes ___ ___• Starch
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Gastric acids - 47Spleen: • Located in ____ posterior to stomach • Larger ____ organ • Highly ___ and ___ • Parenchyma comprised of ____ and ___ pulp• LUQ
• Lymph
• Vascular ; spongy
• Red ; white - 48Spleen: Red Pulp: • Contains ____ quantities of ____• Large ; blood
- 49Spleen: White Pulp: • _____ tissue and ____ blood cells• Lymphoid ; white
- 50Spleen Arterial Supply Splenic Artery: • Enters ____ ____• Splenic hilum
- 51Spleen Venous Drainage Splenic Vein: • Exits at ___ ___• Splenic hilum
- 52Splenic Functions: • Produces ___ blood cells • Filters ____ blood cells from blood • Initiates ____ response• White
• Abnormal
• Immune - 53Adrenal Glands: • aka. ___ ____ • Located on ____ aspect of each kidney, separated by ____ fat • Also enclosed in ____ ___• Suprarenal glands
• Superior ; perirenal
• Gerota's Fascia - 54Adrenal Glands Arterial Supply: • ____, ____ and ____ adrenal arteries• Superior ; middle ; inferior
- 55Adrenal Glands Venous Drainage Right Adrenal Gland: • ____ vein drains directly into IVC• Suprarenal
- 56Adrenal Glands Venous Drainage Left Adrenal Gland: • Suprarenal veins empties into ___ ____ vein then into IVC• Left renal
- 57Adrenal Cortex: • Produces more than ___ dozen steroids (_____ steroids and ______)• 2
• Adrenocortical ; corticosteroids - 58Adrenal Cortex: • Has ____ main categories• 3
- 59Glucocorticoids: • Affect glucose _____• Metabolism
- 60Mineralocorticoids: • Regulate ___ and ___ levels• Na ; K
- 61Androgens and Estrogens: • ____ development and ____ organs• Bone ; reproductive
- 62Adrenal Medulla: • Produces ____ hormones• 2
- 63Epinephrine (____): • ____ heart rate, accelerates ____ and ____ • "____ or ____" response• Adrenalin
• Increases ; metabolism ; energy
• "Fight or flight" - 64Norepinephrine (_____): • _____ fight or flight response • _____• Noradrenalin
• Relaxes
• Calms - 65Urinary System is Comprised of: • ____ • ____ • _____ ____ • _____• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra - 66Kidneys: • Located in the _____ gutters against the ____ abdominal wall ; lie ____ with upper poles more _____ ; right kidney ____ than left due to liver• Paravertebral ; posterior ; obliquely ; medial ; lower
- 67Kidneys: • Covered in ___ ____ - Protective layer that _____ kidneys• Gerota's Fascia ; protects
- 68Renal Cortex: • Outer ___ • Contains ____, _____ and _____ tubules• 1/3
• Nephrons ; glomerulus ; convoluted - 69Renal Medulla: • Inner ____ • Contains ____, ___ of ___, and ____ tubules• 2/3
• Pyramids ; loops of Henle ; collecting - 70Urinary System Arterial Supply: • ____ Arteries (branch directly off ____) • Enter at ___ ___• Renal ; aorta
• Renal hilum - 71Urinary System Venous Drainage: • ____ veins (empty directly into ___) • Exit at ___ ___• Renal ; IVC
• Renal hilum - 72Ureters: • Right and left ____ tubes that transport urine to ___ ___ • Originate at ___ ___• Muscular ; urinary bladder
• Renal pelvis - 73Ureters: • Descend ____/____ to ____ muscle • Enter ____ wall of urinary bladder• Anteriorly/Medial ; psoas
• Posterior - 74Stomach: • ____ dome of left side of diaphragm• Under
- 75Four Functions of Stomach: • _____ of food • ____ ____ of food • ____ of ____ bonds via acids and enzymes • Production of ___ ___• Storage
• Mechanical breakdown
• Dissolution of chemical bonds
• Intrinsic factor - 76Stomach Divided Into Segments • ___ ___ (cardiac sphincter): • Location where ____ enters stomach known as ____ junction• Cardiac orifice ; esophagus ; esophagogastric
- 77Stomach Segments Lesser Curvature: • ____ border of stomach• Inner
- 78Stomach Segments Greater Curvature: • ____ border of stomach• Outer
- 79Stomach Segments Body: • Portion of stomach ____ curvatures• Between
- 80Stomach Segments Fundus: • ____, ____ part• Rounded ; superior
- 81Stomach Segments Pyloric Antrum: • ____ portion• Inferior
- 82Stomach Segments Pyloric Sphincter: • ____ ____ from stomach to duodenum• Muscular aperature
- 83Chyme: • End product of ___ the food and ___ ___• Mixing ; digestive juices
- 84Stomach Arterial Supply: • Branches of ___ artery, ____ artery and ____ arteries• Gastric ; splenic ; gastroduodenal
- 85Stomach Venous Supply: • ____ as arterial supply, empties into the ___ vein and/or ___ ___ vein• Same ; portal ; superior mesenteric
- 86Small Intestine/Bowel: • ___-___ meters long • Between ___ and ___• 6-7 meters
• Pyloris ; cecum - 87Duodenum: • ___ mobile than rest of small bowel, begins at ___ ___, curves around ___ ___ forming c-loop• Less ; pyloric sphincter ; pancreatic head
- 88Jejunum: • ___ meters long, occupies ___ upper abdomen and ___ region• 2.5 meters ; left ; umbilical
- 89Jejunum: • Site of majority of ___ ___ and ___ ___ • Suspended by fan-shaped ____• Chemical digestion ; nutrient absorption
• Mesentery - 90Ileum: • Distal ___ meters • Occupies right ___ abdomen • Suspended by ___-___ mesentery• 4 meters
• Lower
• Fan-shaped - 91Small Intestine/Large Intestine Connection: • Sphincter that controls flow from ____ into ____• Ileum ; cecum
- 92Large Intestine/Bowel: • ____ in diameter than small intestine • ____ walls • Approximately ____ meters long • Begins at ___ junction and extends to ___• Larger
• Thinner
• 1.5 meters
• Ileocecal ; anus - 93Large Intestine/Bowel Functions: • _____ of water • ____ and ___ of fecal material• Absorption
• Storage ; elimination - 94Taenia Coli/Colic Bands: • ____ longitudinal muscle of large bowel• Outer
- 95Epiploic Appendages: • ___-___ sacs of ____ on outer surface of large intestine• Fat-filled ; omentum
- 96Cecum: • ____, ___ portion of large bowel • Appendix: Slender ____ attached to _____ surface of cecum• Pouchlike ; proximal
• Appendage ; posteriormedial - 97Colon: ____ portion of large bowel ; subdivided into sections• Longest
- 98Ascending Colon: • Begins at ___; ascends ___ lateral wall of abdomen to level of ___• Cecum ; right ; liver
- 99Hepatic Flexure (___ ___ ___): • ____ at level of liver• Right Colic Flexure
• Curve - 100Transverse Colon: • ____ portion crossing ____ abdomen; ___ and most ___ part• Horizontal ; anterior ; largest ; mobile
- 101Splenic Flexure: • ___ downward curve at level of ___• Sharp ; spleen
- 102Descending Colon: • Continues ___ along left ___ wall to ___ ___• Inferiorly ; lateral ; iliac fossa
- 103Sigmoid Flexure: • ____ curve into ___ colon• Medial ; sigmoid
- 104Sigmoid Colon: • __-____ colon posterior to ____• S-shaped ; bladder
- 105Rectum: • ____ portion of colon• Terminal
- 106Anal Canal: • Extends from ___ to ___• Rectum to anus
- 107Anus: • ___ ___ of large bowel• External opening
- 108Intestines Arterial Flow: • Superior and inferior ___ arteries • Branch directly off ___• Mesenteric
• Aorta - 109Intestines Venous Drainage: • Superior and inferior ___ veins • Drain in ___ venous system• Mesenteric
• Portal - 110Abdominal Aorta: • Diameter ___ as it descend abdomen • Courses from ____ abdomen to more ___ as it descend distally• Decreases
• Posterior ; anteriorly - 111Abdominal Aorta: • Delivers blood to all ____/___ organs and structures • Bifurcates into right and left ___ ___ arteries at the level of the ____• Abdominal/pelvic
• Common iliac ; umbilicus - 112Celiac Trunk: • Very ___ vessel which divides into ___ branches: • Left ____ • Common ___ • ____ arteries• Gastric
• Hepatic
• Splenic - 113Left Gastric: • Courses ___ and to the ___ ; supplies ___ and gives rise to ___ branches• Superior ; left ; stomach ; esophageal
- 114Common Hepatic: • Courses to the right toward the ___; becomes ____ hepatic artery near ___• Liver ; proper ; liver
- 115Splenic Artery: • ____ branch off celiac trunk ; courses ____ to the stomach traveling to the ____/____ to the spleen• Largest ; posterior ; left/superior
- 116Superior Mesenteric Artery: • ____ branch immediately below celiac trunk • Courses ___ ___ to aorta • Supplies ___ of pancreas, majority of ___ and ____ intestines• Large
• Inferiorly parallel
• Head ; small ; large - 117Renal Arteries (____): • ___ branches arising off ___ walls of aorta • Course ____ toward kidneys• Paired
• Large ; lateral
• Horizontally - 118Renal Arteries (Paired): • ____ renal artery longer than the ___ and pass ____ to IVC on path to right kidney • ___ renal artery shorter and slightly more ___ than ___• Right ; left ; posterior
• Left ; superior ; right - 119Inferior Mesenteric Artery: • ____ anterior to aorta • Supplies portion of ___, ___ and ___ muscles• Descends
• Colon ; rectum ; abdominal - 120Gonadal Arteries (____): • Descend along ____ muscles • Supplies ____/____ or ___/____• Paired
• Psoas
• Testes/scrotum ; ovaries/uterus - 121Lumbar Arteries (____): • Arise from ___ wall of aorta • Supplies ____ abdominal wall, lumbar ___ and inferior ____ ___• Paired
• Posterior ; vertebrae ; spinal cord - 122Inferior Vena Cava: • ____ vein in the body • Carries ____ blood to heart from ____ extremities and ____ structures• Largest
• Deoxygenated ; lower ; subphrenic - 123IVC: • Formed by the union of ___ ___ veins at level of ____ • Ascends to the ____ of the abdominal aorta • Passes through diaphragm at ___ ___ to enter ___• Common iliac ; umbilicus
• Right
• Caval hiatus ; RA - 124IVC: • Has many ____/branches• Tributaries
- 125IVC Main Tributaries: • ___ veins • ____ veins • ____ veins • ____ veins • ____ veins • ___ ___ veins• Gonadal
• Renal
• Suprarenal
• Lumbar
• Hepatic
• Inferior Phrenic - 126Lymph Nodes: • ____ in abdominal cavity • Occurs in ___ along main branches of ___ arteries and ____ aorta• Many
• Chains ; intestinal ; abdominal - 127Lymph Nodes: • Are considered ____ if they measure >__cm in diameter• Enlarged ; >1cm
- 128Lymph Nodes: Main Groups Abdominoaortic Group: • Surround ____ and ___• Aorta & IVC
- 129Lymph Nodes: Main Groups Visceral Lymph Nodes: • Drain ____ organs• Adjacent
- 130Lymph Nodes: Main Groups Lumbar Lymphatic Trunk: • Drains ____, ____ abdominal wall and ___• Extremities ; lower ; pelvis
- 131Lymph Nodes: Main Groups Intestinal Trunk: • Drains ____ cavity• Abdominal
- 132Lymph Nodes: Main Groups Thoracic Trunk: • ____ and ____ trunks join to form thoracic trunk• Lumbar ; intestinal
- 133Abdominal Wall Muscles Superior Abdominal Wall: • _____• Diaphragm
- 134Abdominal Wall Muscles Inferior Abdominal Wall: • ____/continuous with ____ cavity• None ; pelvic
- 135Abdominal Wall Muscles Posterior Abdominal Wall: • ___ lumbar vertebrae, ___ pair of ribs, ___ ____ and ___ muscles• 5 ; 12th ; quadratus lumborum ; psoas
- 136Abdominal Wall Muscles Anterior Abdominal Wall: • ____ ____ • ___ ___ • ____ ___ • ____ ___• Rectus abdominis
• External oblique
• Internal oblique
• Transverse abdominis - 137Abdominal Wall Muscles Linea Alba: • Extends from ___ to ____ pubis• Xiphoid ; symphasis
- 138Abdominal Wall Muscles Inguinal Ligament: • ____ band extending from ____ superior ___ ___ to ____• Fibrous ; anterior ; iliac spine ; pubis
- 139Transverse Abdominis: • Located ____ the obliques, it is the ___ of the abdominal muscles and wraps around your spine for ____ and ____• Under ; deepest ; protection ; stability
- 140Internal Abdominal Oblique: • Located ___ the external obliques, running in the ___ direction• Under ; opposite
- 141External Abdominal Oblique: • Located on the ___ and ___ of the abdomen• Side ; front
- 142Rectus Abdominis: • Located along the ___ of the abdomen, this is the most ___-___ abdominal muscle • aka "___ ___"• Front ; well-known
• "Six pack" - 143Peritoneum: • ____ layer of ____ membrane lining walls of abdominal cavity• Double ; serous
- 144Ligamentum Teres: • aka ____ ligament • Attaches ___ ___ with inferior margin of falciform ligament • Remnant of ___ vein• Round
• Internal umbilicus
• Umbilical - 145Morrison's Pouch: • ____, ___ potential space between ___ and ____ kidney• Largest ; deepest ; liver ; right
- 146Liver: • Covered in strong, ____ tissue which serves as a capsule surrounding liver known as _____ ____• Connective ; Glisson's Capsule
- 147Gallbladder: • _____, ___-shaped organ located in gallbladder fossa in the ____ lobe• Hollow ; pear-shaped ; right
- 148Gallbladder: • Divided into ___ regions• 3
- 149Gallbladder: • ____ - round, distal portion • ___ - widest portion • ____ - tapered portion, continues as cystic duct• Fundus
• Body
• Neck - 150Common Hepatic Duct: • Formed by the union of the ___ and ___ hepatic ducts• Right ; left
- 151Common Bile Duct: • Formed by the union of the ___ ___ duct and the ____ duct• Common hepatic ; cystic
- 152Rugae: • Expandable ___ within empty stomach (ridges)• Folds
- 153Haustra: • _____ folds of large bowel• Pouchlike
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- Sonography (Cross Sectional) Flashcards on Cross Sectional - Abdomen, created by Adriana Long on 03/07/2019.
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- Adriana Long
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