Flashcards
Cytoskeleton I Test 1
Cards in this deck (69)
- 1What are the SMALLEST filaments? (@ 5nm)Actin
- 2In what cells are ACTIN filaments found?ALL CELL TYPES
- 3What two types of protein compose actin?G (globular) and F (filamentous)
actin - 4Which end of actin is "fast-growing" end?Plus (+) end
- 5Which end of actin is the "slow-growing" end?Minus (-) end
- 6Actin filaments are generally UNSTABLE, how do they form a stable structure?Association with various
proteins - 7In an actin filament, growth only occurs at one end... True or FalseFalse, the plus and minus ends
both experience growth,
albeit plus is faster - 8Actin monomers have a GTP binding site... True or FalseFalse, actin binds ATP which
is hydrolyzed to
ADP after polymerization - 9G-actin monomers added to the plus-end move along the filament until they depolymerize at the minus end in a process calledTreadmilling
- 10Proteins associated with actin - serve as "bundling proteins"Fascin/Fimbrin; cross-link
actin into parallel arrays
yielding filament bundles - 11These proteins cut actin filaments into shorter segments and are calledFilament severing proteins
- 12Found in skeletal and cardiac muscle, these proteins block the addition of actin through formation of a capTropomodulin; regulates the
length of actin filaments - 13What are the two types of myofilaments found in sarcomeres (muscle cells)Actin (thin) and Myosin II (thick)
- 14Proteins associated with actin - serve to cross-link filamentsSpectrin; found in structures
like microvilli and
erythrocytes - 15Proteins associated with actin - responsible for moving vesicle along filamentsMyosin family; hydrolyze
ATP for energy in moving
along actin (Myosin I is
found in the cell cortex giving
cell shape) - 16These are associated with actin and predominate the periphery of the cell - forming a network beneath the plasma membraneMicrofilaments; found in
intestinal microvilli and RBC
plasma membranes - 17Filopedia - small protrusions of cell allowing for movement are composed ofActin filaments
- 18What are the middle-sized filaments/fibers found in tissues?Intermediate filaments (IFs);
composed of IM filament proteins
from large/heterogenous family - 19What are the primary roles of intermediate filaments?IF's serve primarily support
and structural roles - 20Intermediate filaments of epithelial originKeratins (cyclokeratins)
- 21The most widely distributed intermediate filament, found in all mesoderm-derived tissueVimentin; found in fibroblasts
- 22Intermediate filament, similar to vimentin, but found in the muscleDesmin
- 23Intermediate filament, similar to vimentin, but found in glial cellsGlial Acidic Fibrillary Protein
(GAFP) - 24Intermediate filament, similar to vimentin, but found in peripheral nervesPeripherin
- 25These are triplet proteins found in axons/dendrites of nerves and composed of intermediate filamentsNeurofilaments
- 26What is a type of neurofilament found in nerve cells?Nestin; others are found
in nerves - 27Intermediate filament found in the nuclear envelope of all cellsLamin
- 28Where are lens-specific "beaded filaments" foundThe eye lens fiber cells
(intermediate filaments) - 29These are keratin accumulations forming inclusions from cell injuryMallory bodies; found in
liver cirrhosis hepatocytes - 30Known as "Alexander disease", these result from mutations of which intermediate filaments?Glial acidic fibrillary proteins
(GFAP);
accumulations of GFAP inclusions
in astrocytes forming
Rosenthal fibers - 31Neurofibrillary tangles are aggregates of neurofilaments found in what pathology?Alzheimer's disease
- 32Intermediate filaments are finding limited capacity in diagnosing cancer... True or FalseTrue
- 33What are the largest filaments found in cells?Microtubules; composed of
tubulin proteins - 34What shape is formed by the interactions of tubulin proteins?Cylindrical
- 35What is the center of growth for microtubules referred to as?Microtubule-organizing center
(MTOC)/Centrosome - 36Centrosomes are typically replicated during meiosis... True or FalseFalse; they are replicated
during mitosis, producing
daughter cells that
each have MOTCs - 37Which of the three filament types are present in the basal body of ciliated cells?Microtubules
- 38Microtubules are composed of 13 _____________ of alpha and beta tubulin.Tubulin dimers
- 39Actin filaments are involved in intercellular transports and cell motility... True or FalseFalse; this is a function of
microtubules - 40Microtubules can rapidly assemble/disassemble in other locations of the cell, except for in...Cilia and flagella
- 41Where are MTOC's located within the cell?Near the nucleus; extending
towards cell periphery - 42How many centrioles can be found in the centrosome?Two centrioles, near
the nucleus of the cell - 43Which tubulin protein is found within the centriole, at the beginning of microtubule formation?Gamma-tubulin
- 44Centrosomes are lost in cell division... True or FalseFalse; centrosomes are duplicated
during cell division - 45Centrioles are composed of how many triplets of tubulin?9; containing all three forms
- 46What is an anticancer drug that functions by inhibiting tubulin polymerization?Vinblastine; eventually
produces cell death - 47Which motor protein transports vesicles away from the cell/centrosome?Kinesin; anterograde transport
- 48Kinesin requires ATP... True or FalseTrue; ATP-binding locks foot,
ATP-release swings foot - 49Which motor protein transports vesicles towards the cell/centrosome?Dynein; retrograde transport
- 50Dynein does not require ATP... True or FalseFalse; dynein uses ATP to
move along the microtubule - 51Besides transport, what other function does dynein support?Ciliary and flagellar movement
- 52Describe the structure of cilia found in cellsMotile; synchronous beating; contain
MTs; made up of 9 tubulin doublets
of alpha/beta-tubulin; connected
to dynein arms; another tubulin
doublet found in the center; basal body
contains 9 triplets - 53Describe the structure of flagellum found in cellsStructurally similar to cilia; the
main difference is the function of
dynein which causes bending
of the flagella - 54What type of filament is keratin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
epithelial cells - 55What type of filament is vimentin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
muscle cells - 56What type of filament is desmin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
muscle cells - 57What type of filament is GFAP and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
glial cells - 58What type of filament is peripherin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
nerve cells of PNS - 59What type of filament is neurofilament and where is it found?Intermediate filaments;
nerve cells - 60What type of filament is nestin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
nerve cells - 61What type of filament is lamin and where is it found?Intermediate filament;
nuclear envelope - 62What type of filament is G and F-actin and where is it found?Microfilament (actin);
found in ALL CELLS - 63What type of filament is spectrin and where is it found?Microfilament (actin);
microvilli and RBCs - 64What type of filament is tropomodulin and where is it found?Microfilament (actin);
skeletal muscle - 65What type of filament is fascin/fimbrin and where is it found?Microfilament (actin);
microvilli - 66What type of filament is myosin I and II and where is it found?Microfilament (actin);
microvilli (myosin I)
skeletal muscle (myosin II) - 67Where is tubulin found?Microtubule;
cilia, flaeglla, centrosomes - 68What are the motor proteins associated with microtubules?Dynein (towards) and
kinesin (away) - 69How many types tubulin protein exist? What are they?Three (3);
alpha, beta, and gamma
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- Flashcards on Cytoskeleton I Test 1 , created by Erik Este on 23/08/2019.
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