1935165
Description
Flashcards by Kier Longest, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Kier Longest
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| cell division | the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | the production of genetically identical offspring from a single parent |
| sexual reproduction | fusion of two separate parent cells. offspring inherit some genetic material of each parent |
| chromosomes | genetic information bundled into packages of DNA |
| chromatin | the histone protein and chromosome complex |
| interphase | "prep" phase for mitosis. growth occurs and chromosomes are copied |
| G1 phase | part of interphase, growth occurs. |
| S phase | DNA is synthesized and chromosomes are replicated |
| G2 phase | More growth occurs. organelles and molecules needed for mitosis are produced |
| Mitosis | division of the cell nucleus |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm. animal= cel is pinched into a cleavage furrow and divides. plant= cell plate forms and developed into cell membranes |
| prophase | First and longest phase of mitosis. Genetic material condenses and duplicated chromosomes become visible. outside nucleus spindle begins to form |
| centromere | Attaches the CENTER of the duplicated DNA strands |
| chromitid | each DNA strand in the chromosome |
| centrioles | tiny paired structures that produce spindle |
| metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis and shortest. the centromeres line up across center of the cell. spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle |
| Anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis. begins when chromatids suddenly separate and begin to move apart. chromatic move along the spindle to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | 4th and final phase of mitosis. chromosomes that used to be visible begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin. nuclear envelope reforms, spindle break apart, nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter nucleus. end of mitosis |
| How is the cell cycle regulated? | the cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins both inside and outside the cell |
| growth factors | stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| apoptosis | cell "suicide" |
| cancer | a disorder in which cells loose the ability to control their growth |
| tumor | a mass of cells |
| What are some of the difficulties a cell faces as it increase in size? | the larger a cell becomes the more demands it places on its DNA. a large cell is less efficient in moving material across its membrane |
| Is a high or low SA to V ratio wanted in a cell to be most productive? | high, because the higher it is, the less time it takes to diffuse things across its membrane. |
| How do bacteria cells reproduce? | binary fission |
| G0 phase | stage in which a cell can no longer divide |
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