Flashcards
BioChem Foundations
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1open reading framepart of a reading frame that has the ability to be translated. An ORF is a continuous stretch of codons that begins with a start codon (usually AUG) and ends at a stop codon (usually UAA, UAG or UGA).
- 2Histone modificationEuchromatin = loose, able to transcribe
Heterochromatin = condense, unable to transcribe
Acetylation = decrease interaction with DNA and promotes transciption
Methylation = in CG rich promotor regions inhibits transcription - 33 main elements of the cytoskeletonmicrotubules = maintenance of cell shape, chromosome and organelle movement
actin filaments = changes in cell shape, muscle contraction,
intermediate filaments = formation of nuclear lamina, anchorage of organelles - 4Lysosomal storage disease1. Neimann Pick = unesterified cholesterol building up in lysosomes, can be treated by histone deactylase inhibitors
2. Fabry - defiency of alpha-galactosidase, can treatment with enzyme replacement therapy - 5what is the most important intermediate for protein, fat, and carb breakdown?Acetyl-CoA
- 6Cell growth phases
- 7Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)the families of protein kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells.
- 8Five important themes in signal transduction1. Extracellular signals (ligands) bind to specific cellular receptors
2. GTP hydrolysis by G-proteins acts to regulate the activity and timing of many signaling pathways
3. Signals are often propagated within the cell by transient formation of second messengers
4. Signals are amplified and regulated using protein phosphorylation cascades
5. Assembly of signaling complexes are facilitated using a limited repertoire of modular protein domains - 9Secondary messengerskept at very low intracellular levels until needed, then are transiently generated from abundant cellular precursors
- 10Intracellular signalling complexesenhance speed, efficiency, specificity of the response
a) PREformed signalling complex on scaffold
b) assembly of signaling complex following receptor activation - 11RAS- A family of genes that make proteins involved in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth and cell death. Mutated (changed) forms of the RAS gene may be found in some types of cancer. These changes may cause cancer cells to grow and spread in the body
- belong to a class of protein called small GTPase, and are involved in transmitting signals within cells (cellular signal transduction). - 12BPG shifts
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- Med 1 Foundations Flashcards on BioChem Foundations, created by Sarah Purcell on 04/10/2019.
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- Sarah Purcell
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