19863944
Description
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Malachy Moran-Tun
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Chromosome? | Thread-like, coiled-up lengths of DNA molecules |
| How many Chromosomes are there in the Majority of Human Cells? | 42 |
| Cells with 2 copies of each Chromosome are called __________? | Diploid cells |
| Mitosis creates two _______ cells, which include the _______ number of Chromosomes as the original cell. | identical same |
| What's the order of the cell cycle? | Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telephase Cytokinesis |
| What can Mitosis be used to do? | Grow Replace damaged cells |
| Mitosis is a type of _______ reproduction | asexual |
| What happens in Interphase? | > Increases the amount of subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes > Duplicates DNA > DNA forms X-shaped chromosomes |
| What happens in Prophase? | > Membrane around nucleus breaks down > Chromosomes lie free in cytoplasm |
| What happens in Metaphase? | Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell |
| What happens in Anaphase? | > Spindle fibres pull chromosomes apart > Split chromosomes are pulled to opposite cell ends |
| What happens in Telophase? | > Membranes form around the new chromosomes > These become the nuclei of each new cell Nucleus has fully divided by this point |
| What happens in Cytokinesis? | > Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide > Form two separate cells |
| Cells at the end of Mitosis are called ________ cells | daughter |
| What is cell differentiation / specialisation? | > Cell becomes specialised for its job |
| What is Cancer caused by? | Uncontrolled cell division |
| Do you know how percentile charts work? | no? well find out i cba to put them on these flash cards because that requires images that are barely recognisable so look it up or something ok bye |
| What are Stem Cells? | Unspecialised cells |
| Where are Stem cells found commonly? | In human embryos |
| Embryonic stem cells can do what? | Produce any type of cell |
| Where can Adult Stem cells be found? | Certain places, but just say bone marrow as an example. |
| What's a flaw of adult stem cells? | Can't specialise into every type of cell |
| Where could Plant Stem Cells be found? | Meristems |
| Christ you've done a lot of revision | Take a quick break, a min or two is good |
| Where could the Meristem be found | Roots and shoots |
| Why are Stem cells useful? | > Produce any type of cell for growth (especially in an embryo) > Use in medicine to cure diseases |
| How could stem cells be used in medicine? | To replace damaged cells, such as neurones, muscles etc. |
| Why are people idiots? | They believe that an embryo is alive and therefore creates ethical issues about the use of embryonic stem cells. |
| What does the Central Nervous System do? | Coordinate a Response (decides what to do about a stimulus) |
| What is the CNS made up of? | The brain and spinal cord |
| What is an effector? | Muscle or gland |
| What does the CNS send information to? | An effector |
| What are the 3 types of Neurone? | 1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Relay |
| What do Sensory Neurones do? | > Long dendron carries nerve impulses from receptor cells to the cell boy > Short axon carries nerve impulses from cell body to CNS |
| What do Motor Neurones do? | > Many short dendrites carry nerve impulses from the CNS to the cell body > Long axon carries nerve impulses from the cell body to effector cells |
| What do Relay Neurones do? | > Many short dendrites carry nerve impulses from sensory neurones to the cell body > Axon carries nerve impulses from the cell boy to motor neurones |
| Order of Neurones (usually) | Sensory --> Relay --> Motor |
| What do Synapses do? | Connect Neurones |
| How is a nerve signal transferred in Synapses? | Transferred by chemicals called neurotransmitters, which diffuse across the gap |
| Synapses are faster than regular Neurones True or False? | False |
| Reflexes help _______ _______ | prevent injury |
| Why are reflexes faster than normal muscular movement? | The impulse doesn't travel through the brain |
| What is the Spinal Cord? | Long column of neurones that run from the base of the brain down the spine |
| What are the 3 main parts of the brain? | Cerebral Cortex Cerebellum Medulla (Oblongata) |
| What does the Cerebral Cortex do? | Controls intelligence, memory, language, emotion etc. |
| What does the Cerebellum do? | Controls muscle coordination (motor activities) and balance |
| What does the Medulla Oblongata do? | Controls unconscious activities, like breathing, heartbeat etc. |
| What does CT Scanning do? | > Uses X-Rays to produce an image of the brain > Shows the main structures of the brain > Allows to see a diseased or damaged section of the brain |
| What does PET Scanning do? | > Uses radioactive chemicals to show active parts of the brain > Shows the function of the brain > Allows to detect abnormal activity (eg. disorders) |
| HYDRATION IS REALLY DAMN IMPORTANT OK? | DRINK SOME WATER, IT'S VERY USEFUL FOR NOT DYING thanks |
| ok so im not putting a diagram of an eye in | but y'know, find one on the interwebs or something |
| What is the sclera? | The outer part of the eye |
| What does the cornea do? | Let's light in (transparent part of the sclera) |
| What does the iris do? | Controls how much light enters the pupil |
| What is the pupil? | A big (or small) ol' hole in your eye unless you don't have eyes, and someone is reading this to you. if so, get some eyes jeez... |
| What does the lens do? | Refracts light, focusing it onto the retina |
| What does the retina do? | Contains light sensitive cells, which detect light |
| What are Rod Cells? | Light sensitive cells that detect light intensity |
| What are Cone Cells? | Light sensitive cells that detect colour |
| What are the 3 main colours cone cells detect? | Red, Green and Blue RGB |
| What is long-sightedness caused by? | Eyeball short |
| What type of contact-lens can be used to correct long-sightedness? | Convex lens |
| What is short-sightedness caused by? | Eyeball long |
| What type of contact-lens can be used to correct short-sightedness? | Concave lens |
| WELL DONE! | Unless you've shuffled this pack, you've completed everything. Now, DO IT AGAIN YOU PATHETIC UNKNOWLEDGEABLE IDIOT unless you knew everything, in which case, well done, good job, im very proud |
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