1990846
| Question | Answer |
| HARRY TRUMAN | 1945 - 1953 (2 TERMS) |
| DWIGHT . D . EISENHOWER | 1953 - 1961 (2 TERMS) |
| JOHN . F . KENNEDY | 1961 - 1963 (1 TERM) SHOT! |
| LYNDON . B . JOHNSON | 1963 - 1969 |
| ROOSEVELT | DIED IN 1945 :( |
| WAYS TRUMAN HELPED BLACKS? | -Appointed a large number of AA's to high profile government jobs - in 1948 he supported NAACP in SHEELY v. KRAEMER - in 1950 he desegregated a canteen in Washington. in 1947 he gave speech to NAACP saying all Americans were entitled to full civil rights (brave) |
| WAYS TRUMAN DID NOT HELP BLACKS? | - He did not pass the anti lynching laws - never addressed segregation in healthcare and education -the fair deal programme committed the government to building homes in the ghettos, but most of these were demolished due to under funding. |
| TO SECURE THESE RIGHTS? | Truman desegregated the armed forces in 1948 |
| WHAT DID EISENHOWER DO FOR BLACKS? | - in 1953 Eisenhower called for publicity, persuasion and conscience to help end racial discrimination - he reaffirmed trumans commitment to desegregation of the military - he worked against discrimination in federal facilities in Washington. HE ONLY ACTED WHEN FORCED!!! |
| EMMET TILL (1955) | - whistled at a white girl - his body was found in a mississipi river - tills mother had an open casket funeral - This was the first time white men were charged for murdering a black man - they were found not guilty - Eisenhower made no comment! - rude! - his murder encouraged many people to become civil rights activists |
| AUTHERINE LUCY 1955 | - Eisenhower kept quiet about the expulsion of the first black student at a university -Lucy applied, was accepted then denied her application when they found out she was black. - she took the university to court with help of NAACP Eisenhower seemed to hope that race relations would somehow gradually improve of their own accord |
| WHAT FACTORS ACCOUNT FOR THE SUCESSES OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS CAMPAIGN IN 1955-1960? | !!!!!!ONLY MENTION EISNEHOWER!!!!!! - Media coverage - support of Eisenhower? - Perseverance of indiviuals - White sympathy: mainly at the freedom rides - Organisation (CORE, NAACP, SNCC, SCLC) - Aggressive white reaction (bad media for whites) - Black consciousness |
| 1957 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (under Eisenhower) | aimed to ensure ALL citizens could vote (Eisnhower wanted to win) the bill was passed but it was weak: it did little to help blacks - any public official obstructing a black voter would be tried by an all white jury - i.e they'd be let off therefore never led to de facto change. |
| 1960 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT (still under Eisenhower) | Eisenhower was concerned about bombings of black school and churches. The civil rights act only added 3% to voter registers during 1960. - again no real change. |
| HOW KENNEDY DIDNT HELP BLACKS? | freedom rides: Kennedy was reluctant to intervene. University: James Meredith wanted to go to university but they declined. he got in with the help of Kennedy :) Laws: He took a long time putting civil right laws forward - didn't want to upset white voters. |
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