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| Question | Answer |
| George Perkins Marsh (1801 - 1882) | 1864: Man and Nature He wrote the book as a warning concerning landscape degradation by deforestation. He helped us to see our cumulative effect and is recognized as the first conservationist. |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882) | Emerson is a central transcendentalist figure. 1837: Nature - he concluded that while in the wilderness it is possible to connect with God. Advocated solitude and spoke about nature as a spiritual experience. |
| Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) | Thoreau was in college when Nature was published and became a friend of Emerson. He lived in a cabin for 2 years on Walden Pond to see if he could learn from the "essential facts of life" 1854: Walden or Life in the Woods 1862: Walking - emphasized that man is a part of Nature. |
| John Muir (1838 - 1914) | Muir was influenced by Emerson and Thoreau. As a self taught naturalist, he fought for the creation of Yosemite National Park and co-founded the Sierra Club. He had a good relationship with Theodore Roosevelt, convinced him to help to protect pieces of land. |
| Gifford Pinchot (1865 - 1946) | Pinchot was born into a lumber family, which allowed him to see the damage that was done to the land. He also had a good relationship with Roosevelt. He was involved in forest preservation and was opposed to clear cutting. He had utilitarian views. He advocated for the planned use and renewable of natural resources . He wanted the maximum benefit to mankind. |
| Hetch-Hetchy Valley | A section of the Yosemite valley was identified as an ideal place to construct a resevoir. This was a controversial issue which pitted preservationists against conservationists. Muir opposed the project, whereas Pinchot supported the project. |
| Aldo Leopold (1887 - 1948) | Worked under Pinchot but rejected his utilitarian views. Leopold advocated nature for natures sake. 1949: A Sand County Almanac |
| Grey Owl (Archibald Belany: 1888 - 1938) | Grey Owl was an Englishman who moved to Canada in 1906, and claimed to be of Apache descent. He studied fur trapping with the Ojibwe. He became a conservationist, partly because of the influence of his Iroquois wife, Anahareo. He was concerned that humans did not see themselves are part of nature and wrote many articles and books concerning this subject. After his death, his deceit was discovered and his works were discredited. |
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