Flashcards
microbio test 2
Cards in this deck (60)
- 1two major categories of lifeprokaryotic, eukaryotic
- 2which cells have genetic material not in membrane bound nucleusprokaryotic cells
- 3all of these cells are unicellularprokaryotic cells
- 4can be unicellular or multicellulareukaryotic cells
- 5contains numerous, specialized membrane bound organelleseukaryotic cells
- 6genetic material not in membrane bound nucleusprokaryotic cells
- 7most bacteria range from ___ to ___ micrometers in diameter0.2 to 4 micrometers
- 8smallest known bacteriamycoplasma (0.1 micrometers)
- 9largest knownepulopiscium (600 micrometers)
- 10define coccus (plural cocci)round or circular
- 11define bacillus (plural bacilli)rod shaped, elongated
- 12spiral bacteria:have one or more twists
- 13spiral bacteria examplesvibrio, spirillum, spirochete
- 14define monomorphichaving or existing in only one form.
- 15define pleomorphicthe ability of some micro-organisms to alter their morphology, biological functions, or reproductive modes in response to environmental conditions.
- 16a carbohydrate-enriched coating that covers the outside of many eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteriaglycocalyx
- 17some strains of Streptococcus pneumonia make a capsule, others do not. which are more likely to be pathogenic, why?the ones with the capsule bc the immune system cannot break it down
- 18glycocalyxthick sticky polymers of polysaccharides and peptides. sometimes protect bacteria from phagocytosis
- 19define flagellalong appendage that propels bacteria. those with are motile.
- 20the movement towards or away from a stimulitaxis
- 21define schemotaxisthe movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus
- 22define phototaxisthe movement of an organism in response to a light stimulus
- 23short, thin hair like structures at the poles or covering the surface. only some bacteria have, a few to several hundredfimbriae
- 24hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria and archaeasex pili
- 25vertical gene transferthe transfer of genetic material is from parents to offspring.
- 26horizontal gene transferthe movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the "vertical" transmission
- 27the cell wall is composed of ______peptidoglycan
- 28repeating disaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid form the back bonepeptidoglycan
- 29attached to polypeptides to form a lattice like structurepeptidoglycan
- 30thick layer of peptidoglycangram positive cells
- 31G+ will stain ___ with the gram stainpurple
- 32the antibiotic ____ prevents G+ growthpenicillin
- 33thin layer of peptidoglycangram negative
- 34which has an outer membrane? G+ or G-?G-
- 35G- will stain ___ with the gram stainred
- 36G- is penicillin ___resistant
- 37they lack cell walls or have unusual wallsArchaea
- 38genus Mycoplasma have ___ cell wallsno cell walls
- 39these cells walls have high lipid content and are waxyacid fast
- 40stain ____ with acid fast stainred
- 41membrane transport protein molecules from low to highactive transport
- 42property of cellular membranes that only allows certain molecules to enter or exit the cellselective permeability
- 43hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tailsphospholipid bilayer
- 44small molecules move from high to low concentrationsimple diffusion
- 45an integral membrane protein carries a molecule across the membrane from high to low concentrationfacilitated diffusion
- 46the movement of water across a semi permeable membraneosmosis
- 47the nucleoidregion where the DNA is located, single circular chromosome
- 48pieces of DNAplasmids
- 49large sub unit of a ribosome50S
- 50small sub unit of a ribosome30S
- 51specialized “resting” structures cells become when environmental conditions are poor.endospores
- 52few and long relative to cell size, used for motilityflagella
- 53numerous and short, typically along the surface of the cellscilia
- 54____, ____, and _____ all have cell wallsalgae, fungi, plants
- 55animal cells are surrounded by _____, which strengthens the cell, helps attach cellsgycocalys
- 56the ______ is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins, also contains carbohydrates and sterols.plasma (cell) membrane
- 57segment of the plasma membrane surrounds a large molecule or particle, and brings into cellendocytosis
- 58a way to get rid of wasteexocytosis
- 59internal framework of the cellcytoskeleton
- 60specialized membrane, enclosed structuresorganelles
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- Flashcards on microbio test 2, created by Regina Smith on 04/02/2020.
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- Regina Smith
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