Flashcards
Physics II - Imaging Performance and Accreditation
Cards in this deck (54)
- 1Quality Control: • QC is also known as ___ __ (QA) • ___, periodic evaluation of the sonography equipment and transducer to produce the BEST image quality possible• Quality Assurance
• Routine - 2Quality Control: • Making sure that everything and everyone in the department is function at the ___ level possible to produce the best quality of work • Ultimately the responsibility of the ___• Highest
• Sonographer - 3QC/QA Includes: • ___ image performance of all US units and transducers • Check ___ dates • ___ in record keeping/reports• Testing
• Expiration
• Compliance - 4QC/QA Includes: • Schedule ___ maintenance ---> Minimum of ___ a year per accreditation ---> Must document and ___ or ___• Preventative
---> Twice
---> PM ; service - 5QC/QA Includes: • ___ US machine FILTERS regularly • Cross reference ___, ___ and other reports with US findings • Do statistical analysis comparing exams with ___ ___ • Cleaning ___ and ___ probes PROPERLY and within the guidelines• Clean
• Radiology ; surgery
• Gold standards
• Transvaginal ; TEE - 6Testing US Performance: • Several devices are used to determine whether ultrasound instruments are operating ___ and ___ ---> Includes ___ and ___ instruments• Correctly ; consistently
---> 2D ; Doppler - 7Testing US Performance: • ___ groups of testing devices ---> Devices that test the ___ performance ---> Devices that measure the ___ ___• 2
---> Imaging
---> Acoustic ouput - 8Testing Devices Devices that test the imaging performance: • Considers the ___ operation of the instrument ---> How the US and transducers are ___, ___ imaging and ___ performance • Important for evaluating the ___ as a diagnostic tool• Entire
---> Performing ; anatomic ; flow
• Instrument - 9Testing Devices Devices that test the acoustic output: • ___, ___ and ___ • Considers only the ___ ___ and ___ working together as the "____" • Important when considering ___ and ___• Pressure ; power ; intensity
• Beam former ; transducer ; "instrument"
• Bioeffects ; safety - 10Imaging Performance Determined by measuring primarily the following parameters: • ___ and ___ resolution • ___ and ___ range • ___ operation • Accuracy of ___ and ___ measurement• Detail ; contrast
• Penetration ; dynamic
• TGC
• Depth ; distance - 11Imaging Performance Two different devices used for testing image performance: • ___ ___ __ (TE Phantom) • ___ objects• Tissue equivalent phantoms
• Test - 12TE Phantom: • Have built in ___ characteristics ---> ___ ---> ___ ---> ___ ___ 1540 m/s ---> ___ • Use these ___ to evaluate• Tissue
---> Scattering
---> Attenuation
---> Prop speed
---> Echogenicity
• Today - 13TE Phantom: • Made of ___ ___ or ___ ___ • Typical contain ___ areas and ___ fibers • May also contain ___ or ___ and appear ____/___ • Many different TE Phantoms with different ___ features• Graphite gel ; urethane rubber
• Anechoic ; nylon
• Cones ; cylinders ; hyper/hypoechoic
• Internal - 14Test Objects: • Do not simulate ___ • Usually __ filled to conduct ___• Tissue
• Water ; sound - 15Test Objects: • ___ types ---> ___ ___ __ ___ test object ---> ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ (PIRTO) ---> ____ 100mm Test Object• Beam Profile Slice Thickness
• Particle Image Resolution Test Object
• AIUM - 16Beam Profile Slice Thickness Test Object: • Shows ___ ___ within and ___ to the scan plane ---> ____ thickness • Used to evaluate ___ ___• Beam width ; perpendicular
---> Section
• Elevational resolution - 17PIRTO: • Shows ___ ___• Detail resolution
- 18AIUM 100mm Test Object: • ___ imaging performance device made • ___mm diameter stainless steel rods • Evaluates ___ of the system • Does NOT evaluate ___/___• First
• .75 mm
• Accuracy
• Tissue/grayscale - 19AIUM 100mm Test Object: • Propagation speed of 1.54 mm/microsec at ___ ___ • ___ filled ---> ___, ___ and ___ inhibitor• Room temperature
• Fluid
---> Alcohol ; water ; algae - 20Performance Measurements: • ___ (minimum and normal) • ___/___ resolution • ___ ___ (range accuracy) • ___ ___• Sensitivity
• Axial/lateral
• Depth calibration
• Dead zone - 21Minimum Sensitivity: • ___ amount of gain required to visualize a pin located ___ into the test object• Smallest ; deep
- 22Normal Sensitivity: • Setting the gain to visualize ___ the pins• All
- 23Axial Resolution: • Spacing between the rods varies at ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ mm from ___ to ___ • If 5 of 6 rods are imaged, axial resolution is ___ mm • The SMALLEST separation between rods = ___ ___• 5 ; 4 ; 3 ; 2 ; 1 ; top ; bottom
• 2 mm
• Axial resolution - 24Misc.: • Axial Resolution is evaluated when pins are ___ to the beam• Parallel
- 25Lateral Resolution: • Spacing between the rods varies at ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ mm • If the last two rods are distinguished, lateral resolution is ___ mm• 25 ; 20 ; 15 ; 10 ; 5 ; 3 mm
• 3 mm - 26Misc.: • Lateral resolution is evaluated when pins are ___ to the sound beam• Perpendicular
- 27Depth Calibration (Range Accuracy): • Checks the ability to accurately measure ___ • Rods are EQUALLY spaced ___mm apart• Distances
• 20 mm - 28Depth Calibration (Range Accuracy): • Placing CALIPERS at ___ and ___ rod, the distance should be ___ cm • A difference of +/- __ mm indicates ___ depth calibration• First ; last ; 10 cm
• 2 mm ; depth - 29Misc.: • To evaluate depth calibration the distances of the reflections on the display are compared to the ___ distances on the test object• Actual
- 30Dead Zone: • Refers to the portion of the beam ___ to the transducer face in which imaging CANNOT be performed • Rods are located ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ mm from the surface of the test object• Closest
• 2 ; 4 ; 6 ; 8 ; 10 mm - 31Dead Zone: • The depth of the rod that can be imaged ___ to the surface indicates the dead zone • This test is used to determine ___ ___ ___• Closest
• Near field resolution - 32Misc.: • TE Phantoms can also evaluate ___, ____ ___ ___ and ___ ___• Compensation ; penetration ; dynamic range ; dynamic focusing
- 33Testing Doppler Performance Useful for Testing: • ___ of the Doppler beam • Accuracy of the ___ ___ • Accuracy of ___ ___ • Ability to discriminate between flow ___• Penetration
• SV location
• Flow speeds
• Direction - 34Types commonly used to test Doppler Performance: • Doppler flow ___ • ___ test object (Vibrating String) • ___ belt phantoms• Phantom
• String
• Moving - 35String Test Object: • Checks accuracy of flow ___ on spectral analysis• Speeds
- 36Flow Phantom: • ___ characteristics and flow mimicking ___ • Contains a ___ that forces fluid through "___" • Tests the accuracy of ___, ___ and ___ flow• Tissue ; liquid
• Pump ; "vessels"
• PW ; CW ; color - 37Testing Acoustic Output: • Normally performed by ___ or ___, not sonographers • The device is a ___, also called a ___• Engineers ; physicists
• Hydrophone ; microprobe - 38Testing Acoustic Output: • The hydrophone is attached to an ___ for display • From the display, calculations for ___, ___ and ___ can be made • From these calculations, ___, ___ and ___ can be determined• Oscilloscope
• Period ; PRP ; PD
• Frequency ; PRF ; DF - 39Testing Acoustic Output: • ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___ can also be calculated• Pressure ; amplitude ; wavelength ; SPL ; intensity
- 40Testing Acoustic Output: • Intensity outputs are measured as ___ intensity (mW/cm^2) ---> Important to evaluate ___/___ to make sure it's safe• SPTA
---> Output/intensities - 41Testing Acoustic Output: • ___ output intensity is real-time (2D) and ___ is CW spectral Doppler ---> ___-Mode, ___ doppler and ___ Doppler are in between• Lowest ; highest
---> M ; Color ; PW - 42Lab Accreditation: • Method of self evaluation for ___ and ___ ultrasound practice • Participation in accreditation is ___ • Accreditation is a ___ review process• Improving ; strengthening
• Voluntary
• Peer - 43Why is Lab Accreditation Important?: • Sets a ___ standard • ____ standard • Improves ___ ___ quality • Voluntary involvement may deter ___ regulation• Minimum
• Recognizable
• Patient care
• Federal - 44Who Offers Accreditation?: • ___ ___ of ___ (ACR) • ___ ___ ___ (IAC) • ___ ___ of ___ in ___ (AIUM)• American College of Radiology
• Intersocietal Accreditation Commission
• American Institute of Ultasound in Medicine - 45ACR: • ___ • ___ • ___ (abdomen) • ___ • ___ (diagnostic and interventional)• Obstetrics
• Gynecology
• General
• Vascular
• Breast - 46Sonographer Criteria ACR: • ___ or eligible • Must be RDMS by ___ for accreditation • At least ___ RVT if applying for vascular accreditation• RDMS
• Renewal
• 1 - 47IAC - Vascular: • ___ ___ • ___ ___ • Peripheral ___ • Peripheral ___ • ___ ___• Extracranial cerebrovascular
• Intracranial cerebrovascular
• Venous
• Arterial
• Visceral Vascular - 48Sonographer Criteria IAC - Vascular: • ___ or eligible • Must be RDMS by ___ for accreditation • ___ ___ must be RVT• RDMS
• Renewal
• Technical directors - 49IAC - Echocardiography: • Adult ___ • Adult ___ • Adult ___ • Pediatric ___ • Pediatric ___ • Fetal ___• Echo
• TEE
• Stress
• Echo
• TEE
• Echo - 50Sonographer Criteria IAC - Echo: • ___ or eligible • Must be RDMS by ___ for accreditation• RDMS
• Renewal - 51AIUM: • ___ • ___ • ___/___ • ___• Obstetrical
• Gynecological
• Abdominal/General
• Breast - 52AIUM: • Dedicated ___/___ • Dedicated ____ • Fetal ___ • ___• Thyroid/Parathyroid
• Musculoskeletal
• Echo
• Urologic - 53Sonographer Criteria AIUM: • ____ or eligible • Must be RDMS by ___ accreditation renewal • Should be credentialed in ___ areas requesting accreditation• RDMS
• Next
• All - 54Accreditation For all Accreditation Bodies: • Requirements for ___ director, ___ director and ___ staff • ___ requirements • ___ requirements • ___ and peer/physician review requirements• Medical ; technical ; technical
• Protocol
• Volume
• Correlation
Information
- Description
- Sonography (Physics II) Flashcards on Physics II - Imaging Performance and Accreditation, created by Adriana Long on 19/02/2020.
- Created by
- Adriana Long
- Views
- 0
- Rating