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Flashcards by angela.dennis22, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by angela.dennis22
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| licensed primary healthcare professional, oral healthcare educator, and clinician who as a co-therapist with the dentist provides preventive, educational and therapeutic services supporting total health care for the control of oral diseases and the promotion of health. | dental hygienist |
| the purpose of dental hygiene is to | promote and maintain oral wellness, thereby contributing to the quality of life |
| all integrated preventive and therapeutic services provided to a patient by the dental hygienist | dental hygiene care |
| methods employed by the clinician and/or patient to promote and maintain oral health | preventive |
| those measures carried out so that disease does not occur and is truly prevented | primary prevention |
| treatment of early disease to prevent further progression of potentially irreversible conditions | secondary prevention |
| strategies developed for an individual or group to elict behaviors directed towards health, extremely important aspect of dental hygiene services, success of preventing and therapeutic services dependent upon patient understanding of the procedures performed | educational |
| clinical procedures designed to arrest or control disease and maintain oral tissues in health | therapeutic |
| collection of data from multiple sources- subjective and objective. | assessment |
| critical thinking skills used to process and interpret the data to formulate a... | dental hygiene diagnosis |
| establishing priorities, setting goals, determining interventions and predicting the outcomes are the steps of | planning |
| putting the plan into action | implementation |
| compare the patient's current status with the baseline data. Has progress been made? | Evaluation |
| each state has a practive act: laws, rules, and regulations governing the practice of dental hygiene. | legal |
| ethically and morally responsible for providing dental hygiene care to all patients, including those who may have been exposed to infectious diseases. | ethical |
| you represent the entire dental hygiene profession to the patient being served. you should exemplify the traits that you hold as objectives for others. | personal |
| Dr. Rein employed a "dental nurse" to perform prophylactic and preventive services in his office in | 1898 |
| Dr. Fones trained his assistant, Mrs. Irene Newman to perform prophylactic procedures in his office. Dr. Fones recognized that dental hygiene raining should be obtained in college in what year | 1906 |
| Dr. Fones started the first courses for dental hygienists in Bridgeport, CT. Fones recognized as the "father of dental hygiene" in what year | 1913 |
| 27 woman graduated from Dr. Fones program in | 1914 |
| the first dental hygiene license was issued to Irene Newman in CT | 1917 |
| the ADHA adopted a constitution and by laws in what year | 1925 |
| ADHA recommended that all dental hygiene programs be 2 years in length | 1940 |
| ADA Council on Dental Education required that all dental hygiene programs be at least two years in length in | 1947 |
| ADHA adopted a policy supporting the BA degree as the minimum entry level credential for practice in | 1986 |
| Vermont became the first state east of the mississippi to pass legislation enabling dental hygienists to administer local anesthetics under the direct supervision of a dentist in | 1993 |
| legislation passes to expand the role of RHD in VT to include practice under general supervision in public or private schools and/or institutions, w/ a min of 3yrs experience, license in good standing for min of 3yrs and general supervision agreement with a dentist licensed in VT in | 2007-2008 |
| VT is one of five states chosen to receive 3mil grant from Kellogg Foundation to explore improving access to dental care in the state via a "dental therapist". VDHA is a key player in crafting of legislation that would ensure the "dental therapist" would possess a BS degree in DH in | 2010 |
| examination of assessment instruments are | probe, explorer, mirror, and a/w syringe |
| periodontal debridement or treatment instruments are | curets and scalers |
| when the working end of an instrument is centered in line with the long axis of the handle the instrument is | balanced |
| the design name on the handle is named after the | school or individual responsible for design or development |
| the design number is | used to identify the specific instrument |
| the distance from the cutting edge of the blade to the junction of the shank and the handle should not be greater than 30-40mm, this describes the | shank length |
| if the shank length is too short it | limits action |
| if the shank length is too long it | results in an unbalanced instrument |
| the part of the working end used to carry out its purpose and function, each is unique to the particular instrument it is also called the blade... | working end |
| very fine line where two surfaces meet- the face and lateral surfaces of the blade is called the | cutting edge |
| the sides of the blade, meet or are continuous to form the back of the instrument are the | lateral surfaces |
| working end of a non-sharp instrument is a | dull blade or nib |
| connects the working end to the handle, shape and rigidity are important | shank |
| for adaptation to tooth surfaces with unrestricted access, mostly used on anterior teeth (ex gracey 1/2) | straight shanks |
| tools with an ( ) shank are for adaption to tooth surface with restricted access, used for proximal surfaces of posterior teeth. EX. gracey 11/12, 13/14 | angled shank |
| part of the shank that is closest to the blade | terminal shank |
| in most cases the terminal shank should be parallel to the ( ) to ensure appropriate blade adaption and angulation. | long axis of the tooth |
| this type of terminal shank gives better access to deep pockets | elongated terminal shank |
| this type of shank is strong and able to withstand greater pressure without flexing. it is good for removal of heavy calculus but has less tactile sensitivity | rigid or thick shank |
| this shank less rigid and is good for the removal of fine deposits of calculus, and root planing. It has more tactile sensitivity. | flexible shank |
| part of the instrument that is grasped during activation of the working end | handle |
| this shank has only one working end, it is usually a probe or a mirror | single-ended shank |
| this insurment has paired (mirror image) or complementary working ends used for access to proximal surfaces from the facial or the lingual. they are usually scalers, curets, explorers or some probe | double-ended |
| separate from the shank and working end, allows the user to replace or exchange the working end. often the mirror | cone socket |
| True or False, hollow handles which are lighter are the best choice because they cause less fatigue than heavier handles | true |
| How many handle diameters are available | 3 |
| What handle provides the most comfort, best tactile sensitivity, is lightweight, hollow, serrated handle and is what diameter | 5/16 |
| the best surface texture on the handle for comfort, control and less muscle fatigue is | ribbed or knurled. NO SMOOTH HANDLES |
| the mouth mirror has three parts | handle, shank, and working end |
| name the 3 types of mirror surfaces | plane, concave, and front surface |
| the type of mirror surface that may produce a double image is a | plane |
| the type of mirror surface that is magnifying | concave |
| the mirror surface which is on the front of the glass, image produced is a mirror image of the are reflected, it is most commonly used because there is no distortion or magnification of the image | front surface |
| the purpose and uses of the mouth mirror are | indirect vision, indirect illumination, transillumination, retraction |
| visual access to areas not readily seen | indirect vision |
| reflection of light from the dental light to any area in the mouth | indirect illumination |
| reflection of light through the teeth, mirror is help to reflect light from the lingual aspect, while facial surfaces are examined. (used when looking for caries) | transillumination |
| hold back cheek, lips or tongue | retract |
| true or False, when holding the mirror use modified pen grasp, you don't need to use a fulcrum | False. you hold the mirror with modified pen grasp and should also always use a fulcrum whenever possible |
| when inserting the mirror you should do so carefully and avoid hitting the teeth, lubricate dry cracked lips or corners of the mouth. To prevent fogging you can | run under warm water or rub along the buccal mucosa to warm the mirror |
| when using the A/W syringe the water is used to | rinse the mouth of debris |
| When using the A/W syringe the air is used to | clear saliva and debris, dry the tooth surface, aid in detection of suprgingival calculus, deflect gingival margin, aids in detection of demineralization, caries and tooth color restorations. |
| how does air aid in the detection of supragingival calculus? | it appears chalky |
| When using the A/W syringe hold using palm grasp and avoid these four thing | sharp blast of air, applying directing into a pocket, creating aerosols, startling the patient |
| The explores help you evaluate the completeness of treatment and aid in the following during treatment | detect by tactile sense, examine supragingival surface for calculus, demineralization, caries, irregularities, examine subgingival surface for calculus demineralization, caries, diseased cementum |
| the working end of this instrument is slender, wire-like with a metal tip, circular in cross section and taper to a fine sharp point. it is available in a verity of shapes, single or double ended, straight, curved or angulated shanks | explorers |
| when exploring tooth surfaces a normal surface feels | smooth |
| when exploring tooth surfaces with elevations the surfaces feels like it has | "bumps" which can be calculus, anomalies, overhanging restorations |
| when exploring tooth surfaces with depressions or grooves these can be caused by | demineralization, caries abrasion, erosion, deficient margins or restorations. |
| when exploring tactile sensitivity and auditory sounds tell a lot about the tooth surface. Clean enamel is quiet whereas calculus sounds | scratchy |
| when exploring you should always fulcrum, use a light grasp, short strokes and lead with the | tip third, with the terminal shank parallel with the long axis of tooth |
| when exploring you need to continue strokes under the contact area, you should roll the instrument handle to keep the tip adapted to tooth around the line angle and never | back into proximal surfaces |
| periodontal probes have long, fine tips engraved with milimeter markings. the markings come in many different styles and configurations. Probes are used to | measure depths (sulcus, pockets, furcation) measure distances (lesions width and length, recession, zone of attached gingiva, overjet or overbite, width of diastema and explore (sulci or pockets) |
| The blades of curets are divided by the cutting edges, face, back. The cutting edges are | formed by the junction of the face and later surfaces, the edges meet at the rounded toe, and have two cutting edges on a curved blade |
| the face of a curet blade is | the top of the blade |
| the back of the curet blade is | rounded |
| the cross section of curets is shaped like | a half circle |
| the internal angles of curets are | angles of 70 to 80 degress are formed where theateral surfaces meet the face |
| The shank of curets comes straight for use on ( ) teeth or contra- angled for access to ( ) proximal surfaces | anterior, posterior |
| Universal curets | can be adapted to any tooth surface, paired mirror-image working end on single handle, face of the blade is perpendicular to the terminal shank, cutting edge is used on both sides of the face, and sub and supragingival scaling. |
| an area specific curet is | designed for adaption to specific surfaces, paired mirror-image working ends on a single handle |
| the face of the blade in an area specific curet is | off-set (at an angle of 70 degrees) to the terminal shank |
| the height the number the more bends and area specific shank has and the more ( ) area of use | posterior |
| True or False curets are the standard instrument for subgingival scaling | true |
| the gracy 1/2 is used | for anterior teeth |
| the gracey 3/4 is used for | anterior teeth |
| the gracey 5/6 is used for | anterior and posterior teeth (incisors, cuspids, premolars) |
| the gracey 7/8 is used for | posterior teeth, buccal and lingual surfaces |
| the gracey 9/10 is used for | molars and root surfaces |
| the gracey 11/12 is used for | posterior teeth, mesial surfaces (particularly premolars and first molars) |
| the gracey 13/14 is used for | posterior teeth, distal surfaces |
| the gracey 15/16 is used for | posterior teeth, mesial surfaces (particularly 2nd and 3rd molars) |
| the gracey 17/18 is used for | posterior teeth, distal surfaces (particularly 2nd and 3rd molars) |
| when using curets only what portion of the cutting edge is used during instrumentation | lower cutting edge |
| curets come in mini blades which have blade is 1/2 the length of a regular gracey blade and is used for | access to tight proximal area and narrow sulci |
| curets also come in after five shanks which have terminal shanks that are 3mm longer, come standard or rigid and are used for | pockets 5mm or greater because the longer shanks allow for better access. |
| This instrument is either sickle or Jacquette (right angle), it is used mostly supragingivally unless tissue is flaccid and loose. Its sharp back can lacerate tight sulcular tissue. | Scalers |
| scalers cutting edges can be straight or curved, it has two cutting edges that end in a pointed tip and in a cross section are | triangular |
| scalers should be used with an internal angles of ( )-( ) degree. These angles are formed where the lateral surfaces meet the face | 70-80 |
| this instrument has one cutting edge with a 99-100 degree angle to the shank, off angled or straight, specific for tooth surfaces, placed subginvally. When instrumenting shank contacts crown while blade contacts root | hoe |
| this instrument has many cutting edges aligned at 90-100 degrees to the shank, of angled or straight, used subginivally to crush and crack heavy deposit, when instrumenting shank will contact crown, blade will contact root. | file |
| one cutting edge with a 45 degree beveled angle to the shank, curved or straight shanks, used interproximally on anterior teeth, not a finishing instrument | chisels |
| the correct instrument grasp is with | the dominant hand, and a firm grasp |
| a firm grasp is for | increased tactile sensitivity, control of the instrument, decreased chance of trauma, prevention of fatigue |
| the non-dominant hand is used for | supplementary functions (mouth mirror, auxiliary finger rest |
| modified pen grasp is | 3 finger grasp, thumb, index, middle finger, all in contaact with the instrument, ring finger is fulcrum, thumb and index finger at the junction of shank and handle, pad of middle finger placed on shank |
| palm grasp is when | handle of instrument held in palm of hand by cupped index, middle, ring and little fingers, not used when scaling, A/W syringe is held in palm grasp |
| when instrumenting the wrist, arm, and elbow should be in | neutral positions |
| the neutral position for the wrist is | straight, forearm and hand in same horizontal plane |
| neutral position for the elbow is | neutral elbow at 90 degrees |
| neutral shoulder postion is | both shoulder level and relaxed to their lowest position |
| support or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body, pivot point | fulcrum |
| support, or point of finer rest on the tooth surface, on which the hand turns in moving an instrument | finger rest |
| the objectives of the fulcrum are | stability, unit control, prevention of injury, comfort for patient, control of stroke length. |
| the location of the fulcrum is | as close to the tooth being treated as possible. on a firm stable tooth, same arch as tooth being treated |
| problems when trying to fulcrum | patients facial musculature, tongue size, mouth size, arrangement of teeth, tenacious calculus in areas difficult to access |
| substitute fulcrums | missing teeth (opposite arch or cross arch, cotton roll, gauze) mobile teeth (avoid using fulcrum on the mobile tooth) |
| supplementary fulcrums | index finder of nondominant hand on the occlusal surfaces of teeth adjacent to the working area, finger rest applied to to index finger |
| reinforced fulcrums | support placed between the instrument handle & the working end to provide additional strength & force. finger on non dominant hand rests on the tooth adjacent to the one being scaled with dumb on shank |
| the effect of excess fulcrum pressure | decrease stability, less control, grasp of instrument too tight, fatigue in the TMK due to too much pressure on the mandible, operator fatigue |
| what end of the instrument is always in contact with the tooth | the tip third |
| the working end is applied to conform to the | contour of the tooth surface |
| what is crucial for effective detection and removal of deposits | adaption |
| a (3words) does not harm the tissue being treated or the adjacent tissues | properly adapted instrument |
| adaption is most difficult at | line angles, convex and rounded surface, cervical areas, proximal root surfaces |
| line angles | area where two surfaces meet: roll instrument between fingers to turn the working end |
| convex or rounded surface | particularly narrow roots |
| cervical areas | where the root is constricted |
| proximal root surfaces | many be concave, grooved, open furcations |
| the angle formed by the working end of the instrument with the surface to which the instrument is applied | angulation |
| scaling and root planing | inter the working end at 0 degrees then open blade to an angle of approx 70 degrees with the tooth surface for scaling and root planing |
| gingival curettage (not legal in VT) | face of working end is turned toward the socket tissue wall of the pocket at a 70 degree angle. |
| lateral pressure is | pressure of the instrument against the tooth surface |
| lateral pressure is used for | during activation, exploratory stroke (light pressure), scaling stroke (controlled moderate heavy pressure), root planing stroke (lighter pressure applied to progressively as the root surface become smooth |
| activation stroke is a | probing stroke, scaling stroke, periodontal debridement (root planing) stroke |
| types of activation strokes are | pull, placement, combined push and pull, walking |
| pull stroke is | scaler removing calculus |
| placement is | exploratory stroke when a curet is being positioned |
| combined push and pull is | moving the instrument up and down with equal pressure |
| walking is | moving instrument up and down |
| directions of stroke are | vertical, horizontal, diagonal or obligue, circular |
| vertical stroke is | up and down, parallel with tooth surface |
| horizontal stroke is | side to side, perpendicular to tooth surfaces, short strokes |
| diagonal or obligue strokes are | diagonal across tooth surface |
| circular strokes are | small 1-2mm in diameter strokes |
| factors that influence selection of stroke | size, contour and position of gingiva, surface being scaled, probing depth, size and shape of instrument being removed, nature of deposit being removed |
| while stroking you need to have unified motion of | shoulder, arm, wrist and hand |
| patient postions are | supine or back of chair inclined 25 to 30 degree angle |
| clinician positions | 9:00-12:00 for right handed operator or 3:00-12:00 for left-handed operator |
| efficient use of ( ) for direct, indirect and illumination | mouth mirror |
| true or false, a large factor in visibility is adequate retraction of patients lips, cheek and tongue | true |
| to develop dexterity you should | squeeze a sot ball, stretching a rubber band, writing, and explorer or mirror exercises. |
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