The Treaty of Versailles

Question	Answer
What new states were formed after the First World War?	Poland Yugo-Slavia Czechoslovakia Lithuania Latvia Estonia Finland
What were the Terms of the Treaty?	Reparations (£6600 million) War Guilt German Armed Forces League of Nations German Territories and Colonies
When were the Terms of the Treaty announced?	7th May 1919
What was Germany to lose under the Terms of the Treaty?	10% of its land All of its overseas colonies 12.5% of its population 16% of its coalfields Almost half of its iron and steel industry
How did Germany react to the Treaty?	Horrified Outraged Humiliated
Why did Germany react in this way?	They did not believe that they started the war, or even lost it. Germans, in 1919, did not fully understand how critical Germany's military situation was at the end of the war, thinking that the German government has simply agreed to a ceasefire.
Why did Germany react in this way (continued)?	They believed that, because of the reasons stated before, they should have been at the Paris Peace Conference to negotiate peace (not treated like a defeated state). Their government was not represented at talks and they were being forced to a accept harsh treaty without a choice.
What did the new German government do with the Treaty?	At first, they refused to sign it and the German navy sank its own ships in protest, looking like war would break out again, at one point.
What did the French do to the Germans (work related)?	Germany could work or produce anything for the French to take, however; the French resulted in killing over 100 workers and expelling over 100000 protesters from the region, causing Germany to have no trade (no money).
What did the Germans do because of the French's punishments (work related)?	Simply printed extra money, which resulted in hyperinflation. Money was worthless, so prices shot up. Some say the Treaty caused this, but others say that it was because they couldn't/wouldn't pay the Treaty and that the French acted too harshly.
What did the USA want the Treaty of Versailles to be based upon?	Woodrow Wilson's 14 points.
Terms of the Treaty: Explain 'Guilt'	Germany was forced to take the blame for WW1. They did not like this or believe that they were solely to blame.
Terms of Treaty: Explain 'Armed Forces'	The German army was limited to 100,000 men. The Rhineland was de-militarised. Germany could only have 6 battleships. No aircraft or submarines were allowed either.
Terms of the Treaty: Explain 'Reparations'	Germany had to pay compensation for the damages caused during the war. It was set at £6600 million, however, was later changed in 1929.
Terms of the Treaty: Explain 'German Territories'	Germany's land was important, especially for industries. Germany lost: Colonies in Africa, Upper Silesia, Estonia, and Finland. Alsace-Lorraine to France. The Saar as the League took control of it. Poland, as it became an independent state.
Terms of the Treaty: Explain 'League of Nations'	It was designed to keep peace and avoid another war.
What does Anschluss mean?	An agreement/union between Austria and Germany.
What does 'diktat' mean?	A harsh and unilateral imposed settlement with a defeated party.
List 3 reasons why the Germans felt the Treaty of Versailles was unfair.	1. They believed that they weren't to blame. 2. They believed that they could have carried on fighting when their government agreed to stop. 3. Their army was now unfair.
Name the 4 other countries that were dealt with in the other peace treaties.	Austria Hungary Bulgaria Turkey
Who did the Treaty of Versailles help to propel to power?	Adolf Hitler as he began to rebuild their army, which was highly anticipated by Germans.
How did Germany react and why was the Treaty seen as unfair (continued)?	People were angry because they were not involved in negotiations. They lost land, population and industry. Reparations were very harsh. Not all countries were made to disarm.

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