Flashcards
NUR 326 Exam 3 Cardio and Meds Section
Cards in this deck (96)
- 1Pathophysiology of HFheart muscle unable to pump effectively
- 2Expected Findings for Left-Sided HFDyspnea
Displaced apical pulse
S3 (gallop)
Pulmonary congestion
Frothy pink-tinged sputum - 3Expected Findings for Right-Sided HFJugular vein distention
Ascending edema
Ascites
Weight gain
Liver enlargement - 4Disease Prevention for HFExercise program
Low-sodium diet
Fluid restrictions
Smoking cessation
Consistent med-schedule - 5Meds for HFDiuretics
After-load reducing agents
(ACE/ARB/Ca+ channel blocker)
Digoxin
Beta blockers - 6Pathophysiology for AnginaBlood flow to heart is compromised causing ischemia
- 7Expected Findings for Angina"Impending doom" feeling
Chest pain
Dizziness
Pallor/clammy skin
Tachycardia, tachypnea, heart palpations - 8Disease Prevention for AnginaRegular exercise
Check BP & cholesterol checked regularly
Low-sodium, low-fat diet
Smoking cessation - 9Meds for AnginaVasodilators
Analgesics
Beta blockers
Thrombolytic agents
Antiplatelet agents
Anticoagulants
Nitro - 104 Ways Body Regulates BP1. Arterial baroreceptor system
2. Regulation of fluid volume
3. RAAS
4. Vascular auto regulation - 11Expected Findings for AtherosclerosisCool extremities
Prolonged cap. refill
Asymmetric pulse strengths
Bruit - 12Treatment for AtherosclerosisDiet
Exercise
Cholesterol-lowering meds (statins most common) - 13Expected Findings for Venous PVDEdema
Stasis dermatitis
Stasis ulcers - 14Expected Findings for Arterial PVDIntermittent claudication
Numbness (at night)
Loss of hair on legs
Dry, scaly, pale skin
Thickened toenails
Pain - 15Meds for PVDAnti-hypertensives
Vasodilators
Antiplatelet
Analgesics
Anti-lipidemics - 16Heart Beat Explanation (P QRS T)P: atrial contraction
QRS: contraction of the ventricles
T: relaxation of ventricles - 17Expected Findings for A FibFatigue
Weakness
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Anxiety
Palpitation
Hypotension - 18Purpose of Meds for A FibSlow & regulate heart rate
NOT to correct rhythm - 19Meds for A FibBeta blockers
Ca+ channel blockers
Digoxin
Anticoagulants - 20Systolic Left-Sided HFHeart cannot contract forcefully enough during systole to eject enough blood into circulation
- 21Diastolic Left-Sided HFLeft ventricle cannot not relax enough during diastole (cannot fill properly)
- 22Valvular StenosisStiffening/thickening of valve causing narrow opening and obstructing flow
- 23Valvular RegurgitationBackward flow through the valve
- 24Valvular ProlapseDisplacement of valve leaflets during systole
- 25Drug Therapy for Valvular DiseaseDiuretics
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
Digoxin
O2 - 26CholesterolUsed for insulation
Major component in bile
Stored in liver - 27HMG-CoA ReductaseProduces LDL and VLDL
- 28MoA of HMG-CoA Reductase InhibitorInhibits production of
LDL and VLDL - 29Suffix for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors-statin
- 30Side Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase InhibitorsMyopathy
Rhabdomyolysis
Hepatotoxicity over time - 31RhabdomyolysisInflammation of the sheath that
surrounds the muscle - 32Nursing Considerations for HMG-CoA Reductase InhibitorsAnnual lipid/liver panels
Assess for muscle pain
Avoid grapefruit juice
Teratogenic
Take in PM (chol. produced in PM)
Contraindicated w/ Ca channel blockers - 33HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Medicationatorvastatin (Lipitor)
- 34MoA of Fibrates Acid DerivativesReduces production of triglycerides
- 35Side Effects of Fibrates Acid DerivativesGI discomfort
Flatulence - 36Nursing Considerations for Fibrates Acid DerivativesMonitor for GI discomfort
Panel annually
Notify provider if going to be pregnant - 37Fibrates Acid Derivation Medicationgemfibrozil (Lopid)
- 38MoA for Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitorsinhibits absorption of cholesterol
in the small intestine - 39Side Effects of Cholesterol Absorption InhibitorsCholecystitis (inflammation of
gallbladder) - 40Nursing Considerations for Cholesterol Absorption InhibitorsTeratogenic
Used in combination w/diet and exercise - 41Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor Medicationezetimibe (Zetia)
- 42MoA for Inotropic MedSlows HR to beat more forcefully;
ions shift in the heart to enhance contractility - 43Side Effects for Inotropic MedsBradycardia
Arrhythmias
Toxicity
Hypokalemic pt more @ risk for toxicity
Weakness - 44Signs of DigtoxicityYellow halos
Bradycardia
Vomiting - 45Nursing Considerations for Inotropic MedsApical pulse!
Therapeutic lab draw
Same time everyday
Antidote is Digibind
Educate on toxicity - 46Therapeutic Level in Blood for Digoxin0.5 - 2.0 ng/dL
- 47Inotropic Meddigoxin (Lanoxine)
- 48MoA of NitratesDilates coronary arteries (smaller vessels) to increase blood supply
- 49Side Effects of NitratesHeadaches
Orthostatic hypotension
Reflexive tachycardia
Dizziness - 50Nursing Considerations for NitratesFall risk
Need rest for 30 mins after admin
Change positions slowly
Assess pain
Avoid w/ erectile dys meds
Educate pt not to carry in pocket - 51Nitrate Medicationnitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
- 52MoA for ACE InhibitorsACE blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which helps to decrease BP, decrease blood volume, and decrease uptake of Na+
- 53Suffix for ACE Inhibitors-pril
- 54Side Effects of ACE InhibitorsHypotension
Cough - 55Nursing Considerations for ACE InhibitorsMonitor BP
Change positions slowly
Fall risk
Angioedema
Monitor for cough
Teratogenic - 56ACE Inhibitor Medicationcaptopril, lisinopril
- 57MoA of ARB InhibitorBlocks angiotensin II receptor from binging to the smooth muscles which decreases BP, decreases BV, and decreases uptake of Na+
- 58Suffix of ARB Inhibitors-sartan
- 59Side Effects of ARB InhibitorsHypotension
Angioedema - 60Nursing Considerations for ARB InhibitorsMonitor BP
Change positions slowly
Don't give to pt w/hypokalemia
Teratogenic - 61ARB Inhibitor Medicationlosartan (Cozaar)
- 62MoA for Calcium Channel BlockersBlocks calcium from binding to
channels in smooth muscle of blood vessels, decreasing BP - 63Side Effects of Calcium Channel BlockersHypotension
Peripheral edema - 64Nursing Considerations for Calcium Channel BlockersMonitor BP & HR
Change positions slowly
Edema: monitor weight & I/O, sock lines
Avoid grapefruit juice
Photosensitivity - 65Calcium Channel Blocker Medicationnifedipine (Adatta, Procardia)
- 66Purpose of Alpha in BodyContraction of smooth muscle
- 67MoA for Alpha I BlockersVasodilates smooth muscle of
SMALLER vessels;
helps decreases BP & benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - 68Side Effects of Alpha I BlockersDizziness
Hypotension
Headaches - 69Nursing Considerations for Alpha I BlockersMonitor BP
Report headaches
Change positions slowly
Take @ bedtime - 70Alpha I Blocker Medicationdoxazosin (Cardura)
- 71MoA of Beta BlockersBlocks beta receptors in the heart to decrease HR and blocks epinephrine
- 72Suffix for Beta Blockers-olol
- 73Side Effects for Beta BlockersHyperglycemia
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Erectile dysfunction
Fatigue - 74Nursing Considerations for Beta BlockersMonitor HP & BP
Change positions slowly
Monitor glucose levels - 75Beta Blocker Medicationsmetoprolol (Lopressor)
atenolol (Tenormin) - 76MoA of Centrally-Acting Alpha AntagonistsActivates Alpha receptors in the CNS to reduce BP & HR;
Long-term use med - 77Side Effects of Centrally-Acting Alpha AntagonistReflexive tachycardia
Drowsiness
Dry mouth
Weight gain
Hypotension - 78Nursing Considerations for Centrally-Acting Alpha AntagonistsAvoid alcohol
Avoid other CNS depressants
Taper off slowly
Avoid machinery
Slows metabolism - 79Centrally-Acting Alpha Antagonist Medicationclonidine (Catapres)
- 80MoA of Arterial VasodilatorsVasodilators arterioles for
restrictive blood flow - 81Side Effects of Arterial VasodilatorsHypotension
Reflex tachycardia
Headaches - 82Nursing Considerations for Arterial VasodilatorsMonitor BP & HR
Change positions slowly - 83Arterial Vasodilator Medicationhydralazine (Apresoline)
- 84Pathophysiology of Aortic RegurgitationAortic valve cannot close properly
so blood flows back into left ventricle - 85Disease Prevention for Aortic RegurgitationDiet low in sodium
Control chronic illnesses
Regular exercise - 86Expected Findings for Aortic RegurgitationIncreased pulmonary artery pressure
LV hypertrophy
Orthopnea
Fatigue
Palpitations - 87Medications for Aortic RegurgitationDiuretics
Afterload-reducing agents
(ACE/ARB/Ca+ Channel blockers)
Inotropic agents (digoxin) - 88Infective EndocarditisMicrobial infection of the endocardium
(most common microbe is
S.aureus or S.viridians) - 89Expected Findings for Infective EndocarditisFever: chills, night sweats, fatigue
Anorexia/weight loss
New cardiac murmur
Development of HF
Petechiae
Systemic embolization - 90Examples of Primary HypertensionFamily hx of HTN
African-American
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
> 60yo or postmenopausal
Excessive sodium/caffeine intake
Overweight/Obesity
Physical inactivity - 91Examples of Secondary HypertensionKidney disease
Primary aldosteronism
Cushing's Disease
Brain tumors
Encephalitis
Pregnancy
Drugs - 92AneurysmPermanent localized dilation of an artery;
arterial wall is weakened by congenital or acquired problems - 93Common Anatomic Sites of Arterial Aneurysms
- 94Stasis DermatitisReddish-brown discoloration along
the ankles extending up the calf - 95What Symptoms Activate the RAAS? (4)1. Decreased BP
2. Decreased Na+
3. Decreased O2
4. Decreased fluid volume - 96Ways BP Medications Affects Organs (3)1. Decreases glomerular filtration
2. Vasoconstriction
3. Adrenal cortex releases aldosterone
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- Nursing Flashcards on NUR 326 Exam 3 Cardio and Meds Section, created by Brenna Gailinas on 26/03/2020.
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- Brenna Gailinas
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