Geography Keywords

Question	Answer
Constructive Plate Boundary	The plates move apart caused by convection currents diverging near the Earth's crust.
Destructive Plate Boundary	The plates move towards each other where two plates converge.
Conservative Plate Boundary	The plates slide past each other.
Managed Retreat	Removing coastal protection of an area to allow it to flood to protect other areas along the coastline.
Salt Marshes	An area of low lying coastal wet land that periodically gets flooded (often develop behind spits).
Cordgrass	Grows in salt marshes because it is well suited to salt water and the tangle of roots help stabilise the mud by trapping sediment.
Lagoon	An area of water dammed by a bar.
Bar	A spit that grows connecting two headlands.
Weathering	The breakdown of rocks where they are.
Erosion	When rocks are broken down and carried away.
Corrasion (Abrasion)	Eroded particles in the water scrape and rub against rock, removing small pieces.
Attrition	Eroded particles in the water smash into each other and break into smaller fragments. Their edges also get rounded off as they rub together.
Solution	Weak carbolic acid in sea water dissolves rock like chalk and limestone.
Hydraulic Power	Waves crash against rock and compress the air in the cracks putting pressure on the rock.. Repeated compression widens the cracks and makes bits of rock break off.
Mechanical Weathering	The erosion of rock due to the weather, e.g. freeze-thaw weathering.
Biological Weathering	The erosion of rock caused by living plants, e.g. tree roots.
Chemical Weathering	Erosion of rock caused by chemicals, e.g. acid rain.
Mass Movement	Large amounts of material, earth, falling.
Landslide	The collapse of rock or earth off a cliff or mountain.
Mudflow	Mud sliding downhill fast causing lots of destruction.
Rotational Slip	The movement of material downwards in a semi-circular direction.
Slumping	The movement of loose material over a long period of time.
Headland	Hard rock more resistant to erosion, e.g. chalk.
Bays	Soft rock easily eroded, e.g. boulder clay.
Fetch	Distance the wind has traveled.
Crest	Top of a wave.
Trough	Bottom of a wave.
Swash	Wave washing up the beach at the angle of the dominant wind.
Backwash	Water running back down the beach at a 90 degree angle.
Destructive Wave	Backwash. > Swash High energy, more power - coastal erosion.
Constructive Wave	Swash > Backwash Low energy - builds beaches.
Mass Tourism	Tourism on a large scale to one country or region. E.g. Benidorm, Spain.
Exploration	Only a small number of tourists visit the area and there are very few tourist facilities.
Involvement	Local people start to provide some facilities such as B+B's and cafes.
Development	The area begins to develop, advertise, and is now a recognised tourist attraction.
Consolidation	Continues to grow as a resort and there is some tension between the tourists and the locals.
Stagnation	The area is at its peak but is beginning to decline as facilities become run down.
Decline	The area gets a bad reputation and its image suffers. People will lose jobs unless rejuvinated.
Rejuvination	Measures are taken and money is spent to try and reduce the decline and to attract tourists back to the area.

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	Created by Becca Westwell about 9 years ago