GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

'20 mat final

Erin Light English 141 cards

Cards in this deck (141)

  1. 1History of SteelCast Iron (3.4-4% carbon)-- precurser-- had more carbon
    Bessemner process, etc. --> refinement and development of steel (reduced the amount of carbon
    ex: crystal palace (cast Iron)
  2. 2How much carbon is in steel<2% carbon
  3. 3history of heavy timberPrecurser: half-timbering,
    pre-precurser: mill construction-- beams with crude connections mixed with masonry
    ex: wattle and dob medieval buildings
  4. 4histoy of wood light frameprecurser: baloon framing
    --development of platform framing (same as wood light frame) for fireproofing-- walls and studs are only one story
  5. 5Process of making foundations1. Soil conditions
    2. excavation
    3. material
    4. waterproofing (also below frost level)
  6. 6excavation methodsshoring--for constrained sites--prevents soil from collapsing in (ex: sheeting (bracing), slurry walls-- expensive) by adding temporary supports
    sloped/benched (larger; terraced)-- easiest; for when there is a lot of room around the site
  7. 7how thick is foundation wallat least 8"
  8. 8types of foundations1. shallow-- not a lot of excavation
    2. deep
    3. retaining wall
  9. 9types of shallow foundationsLOCATE NEAR THE BASE OF THE BUIDLING
    slab on grade (min 4")
    wall with footings (8" min)
    columns/piers (ex: farnsworth)
    mat foundations
  10. 10types of deep foundationscaisons-- drilled and then poured-- can have a footing ("belled caison")
    piles-- driven-- usually driven in clusters--> pile cap
  11. 11retaining wallfoundation open on one side-- usefull for creating different levels in the ground
    --footing is asymmetrical "toe"--the larger part extends under the soil being retained-- used to combat tendency to overturn/slide
    ex: getty villa
  12. 12contrustion of wood light frame lumberplainsawing-- used to cut lengthwise a tree into dimensional lumber
    quartersawwing-- log is cut into quarters and creates a more finished final product
  13. 13sizes of wood light framenominal vs. actual size (2-6 rule)
  14. 14Sheathing (wood light frame)plywood that resists lateral load, overturning, racking (tilting)
    --attach finish materials to
    (4'x8'x.75in)
  15. 15Sill platebolted to the top of foundation wall (wood light framing)
  16. 16sole plateon top of the joists and the studs attatch to it (happens on every level)
  17. 17double top plateon top of the wall/studs (wood light framing) that the next platform sits on
  18. 18parts of wood light framing systemsheathing
    joists
    rafters
    sole plate
    sill plate
    studs
    double top plate
    --pieces can be connected with steel or nailed together
  19. 19advatages of wood light frameadaptable to form
    easy to construct
    cheaper
    readily available
    platforms easy working space
    plethera of members --> redundancy--> protects from failure of a single piece
  20. 20disadvantages of wood light frame--fire--> has to be covered
    --rotting
  21. 21Heavy timber member construction1. sawed from trees-- max span 20-30'
    2. Engineered
    AT LEAST 5X5in to be considered heavy timber
    ex: Sea Ranch by Moore
    --naming: always subtract 0.5, no matter the size, to find actual size
    --columns-- usually square
    beams-- rectangular-- (width 1/3 to 1/2 of depth)
    bolted together?
  22. 22Engineered timber1. Glue-lam-- stacked and glued dimmentional lumber-- allows for larger span than sawed-- can be made into curves
    --ex: Luis Vitton foundation by Ghery
    3. cross-laminated- laminated (CLT) members are glued perpendiciular in layers-- created a board
    ex; stadhouse london
    3. parallam (PSL) --bonds long, narrow members under heat and pressure
  23. 23Max span of heavy timber trusspitched: 40'-150'
    --flat trusses less stong: 40'-120'
  24. 24heavy timber two-way system memberstwo-way stystem: primary components= girders
    secondary: beams
    tirtiary= purlins (typically part of roof or truss)
  25. 25How to make steel1. iron is heated to melting point
    2. Bessemer, etc. processes introduce Iron to reduce carbon levels
    3. alloys can be added
    4. rolled into shape or poured into casts
  26. 26plate girderbuilt up of premade
  27. 27shapes of steelwide-flange
    built-up (trusees, open web joists, ??--used for longer spans
    ???
  28. 28how are steel members attatched1. bolting
    2. welding
  29. 29pros/cons of steelpros: best for large, open spaces, honest expression, modular/standardized, strong in tension, can be built up to increase strength
    cons: needs fireproofing (encased in concrete/tile, etc.) if > 2 stories, rust (prevented by alloy treatment (ex: stainless steel) or cortin)
  30. 30cortinpre-rusted steel that prevents further corrosion
    ex; john deer headquarters
  31. 31How does soil influence foundationsdesire for uniform settlement
    Rock/gravel/sand -- most stable/predictable
    organic soil/clays-- less stable
  32. 32tie beamsfoundation column footings linked together at their end below gound
    -- resists lateral load from earthquakes
  33. 33methods of waterproofingmaterials: waterproof membrane, pipes, gravel backfill, vapor barrier, drain tile
    design: slope soil away from building, depth
  34. 34types of piles1. end bearing pile-- driven deep enough to reach a solid material
    2. friction pile
    --driven in clusters and joined at the surface with a pile cap, which distributes the load
  35. 35Pressure treated lumberwater resistant
    --truns green
  36. 36process for building light wood frames1. foundation-- wood good for cold (if pressure treated)
    2. platform (sill, joists (subfloor), sole plate)
    3. wall framing (studs, double top plate, sheathing, shear walls, double up perpendicular members with openings (lintel?))
    4. Roof (rafters, sheathing--> finished materials)
  37. 37types of rafters (wood?)jack-- don't go full length
    hip-- major shape of the roof that jack rafters connect to
  38. 38Frank gehrybreaking up of large volumes with smaller volumes made of rough materials (corrugated steel, exposed studs)-- refined with style over time
    --ex: Billy at Bengston LACMA, Danzinger Studio, Davis Studio, Famillian residence, SM residence
    --influenced by ferus gallery
  39. 39Timber beam depthSolid timber: L/15
    Glu-lam: L/20
  40. 40Timber flooringSolid wood decking-- boards attatched to work together
    1. Simple span-- one layer, one directional
    2. double span-- most efficient structurally
    3. continuous-- use of random lengths, structurally good, reduces waste
    --roof decking works the same
  41. 41methods of attaching steel1. bolting-- quick, can be taken appart, but not at strong laterally
    2. Welding--> structural continuity, good for lateral laods
  42. 42Meis Phase 1EUROPEAN MODERNISM-- materiality and abstraction
    --Barcelona Pavillion-- steel allows for
    abstract modern shape
    --focus on spatial conditions
    --columns symbols of suport-- structure not fully revealed (cross-shaped, covered in steal)
    --see also: tugendat --> farnsworth
  43. 43Mies Phase 2AMERICAN MODERNISM-- structure is dominant
    --columns: structural column has decorative one tacked on to express structure
    --see also: IIT Crown hall-- structure not concealed at all
  44. 44Mies Phase 3CULMINATION-- UNIVERSAL MONUMENTALITY-- combination of 1 & 2
    --Neue Nationalgalerie: synthesis of his ideas by providing clarity between structural/spatial elements via consideration of material and structure
    --almost totally exposed structure
    --columns: 2 intersecting pieces, very large, tapers
  45. 45Grade Beamconcrete beam that sits on top of footing (columns?) --transmits the load from a bearing wall into foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
    --prevents sliding and maintains uniform settlement.
  46. 46BracesUsed in shoring excavation to hold a temporary retaining wall in place
    --Two types: crosslot (spans entire hole) and rakers (diagonal)
  47. 47Tie backsused in shoring excavation with an open space-- steel cables are affixed to hold back sheeting
  48. 48Post and Beam Constructionuses large wood members (larger than typical dimmentional) so that fewer suport pieces/loadbearring walls are needed--> open space
    --less fancy joinery than Timber framing
  49. 49Braced Framewood light framing (wall?) with diagonal members
    --strong against lateral forces
  50. 50Rim/Band Joistruns around the perimeter of floor joists
  51. 51subflooringlaid on top of the joists; what the finished flooring is attached to
    --usually 4x8 plywood
  52. 52tyeps of studsKing-- go the full length from floor to ceiling
    Jack-- vertical sides of window framing that are nailed to king studs
    cripple--do not go the full length (under a window)
  53. 53Window framingDouble up members on all side of openings (wood)
    --Header-- thick piece on top
    --jack studs-- sides
    --rough sill-- bottom (doubled up)
    --cripples-- support rough sill (short studs)
  54. 54Blocking(light wood framing)
    addition of horizontal pieces between studs
    --extra stability
    --affix hardware
  55. 55oriented strand boardsimilar to plyood but made differently; wood strands are glued and compressed for maximum stiffness
    --sub-flooring and sheathing
  56. 56VeneerVery thin (1/8") wood
    (1) Rotary sliced-- cheapest, least pretty
    (2) Sliced
    (3) sawn
  57. 57flitch beamengineered wood beam type-- built up and bolted together
    --reduces sag and creep
  58. 58ChanelC-shaped steel beam that is not as strong as a regular beam (light gauge steel)
    --atatched by L-shaped angle clips?
  59. 59Open web steel joistlightweight welded steel truss used at closely spaced intervals to support floor or roof decking
    --Eames House
  60. 60Box trussA common steel truss type that has similar size to a wide flange beam but has significantly higher structural stability
  61. 61span of steel beams20'-36'
    (spaced 6'-15')
  62. 62types of connections for steel/timbering1. moment (rigid frame)-- plate welded to the beam flanges (wide part on either end) to resist moment
    2. shear (simple frame)-- resist only shear and are free to rotate under gravity load-- attatched at middle part of beam--need additional lateral supports
    3. Semi-rigid-- combination of previous two
  63. 63bearing blockanchored to the sides of columns for beams to rest on (timber)
  64. 64Concretemixture of portland cement, coarse/fine aggregate, and water
    --gains strength as it dries
    --aggregates should not be more than 1/3 of mixture
    -- weak in tension
    --first used by Romans, then not used again unitl 19th century
  65. 65Portland Cementmixture of raw materials that becomes a binding agrent when combined with water
    --component of concrete
  66. 66Concrete Construction1. Mixing-- materials combine in truck and taken to site
    2. Formwork-- determines shape and can influence finish texture
    3. Consolidation-- stirring of concrete to make it fill the frame
    4. top finish (1.striking-off--> makes level, 2.floating--> flattened but still rough, broom finish-- textured for nonslip surface, exposed agregate-- cleaned so that aggregate can be seen when left exposed)
    --7 days to remove formwork
    --28 days to be fully dry
  67. 67Form ties--required in formwork for concrete
    -metal rods that tie the two sides of the concrete together to prevent bulging
    --more common in site-cast
    --ends usually clipped off and leave a hole in the concrete
  68. 68Site-cast concretepoured into formwork at the site
    --more flexibility in design
    --more labor and money intensive
    --structural continuity
  69. 69precast concretebuilt in factory then shipped to site
    --formworks are reusable
    --modular units
    --better quality control, which can be better for structure
    --quick on-site assembly
    --shipping can be expensive
    --requires more complex connections
  70. 70pre-stressingadding loads to concrete as it's being constructed to imporve structural performance
    1. pretensioning-- load is added before concrete is cast
    2. Post-tensioning-- load is added after concrete has been cast around the rebar
  71. 71Standard dimensions of concrete (mostly applied to pre-cast)-- mostly deterimined by transportation
    --width typical: 8' or 10'
    --width max: 12' or 14'
  72. 72reinforceing bars of concrete naming conventions--named based on 1/8ths inches of diameter
    --ex: No.6 bar= 6/8in diameter
  73. 73concrete addtives (secondary ingredients)--reinforcing-- steel rebar
    -- carbon fiber-- ands strength and better fire resistance than steel
    --admixtures-- non-cement ingredients added to change the properties: color, for under water curing, increased drying time, etc.
  74. 74Connections of pre-cast concrete (joints)necessary b/c units are not seamless like in site-cast
    1. corbles-- ledge that is cast into columns to connect to slabs/beams
    2. weld-plates
    3. bearing pads--placed at point of contact in joint to avoid expansio/stress
    4. Grout (different types?)
  75. 75Ways to test concrete before pouring1. Slump test-- cone is filled with concrete then the cone is removed to allow the concrete to sag, which is then measured
    -- no standard meausre
    2. Cylinder Test- cylindrical sample is taken and cured then subjected to stress tests
  76. 76Pre-Cast concrete slabs1.Solid flat-- good fro short spans, Depth=1/40th span?
    2. Hollow core-- intermediate span; 2, 4, or 8' widths, Spans: 2'w =20'', 4'w= 60', 8'w= 80'
    3. Double tee-- longer spans (eliminates more concrete), historical method, dangers of tipping, 8' or10' width
    D=1/28 of span
    4. Single Tee: longer spans (removes the most concrete), 8 or 10' width, D=1/28 of span (max 48")
  77. 77Pre-cast concrete beamsD=1/15 of span for Light loads, 1/12 of span for heavy loads
    W=1/2 D
    1. rectangular
    2. L-shaped
    3. Inverted
    4. Aashto (girder)-- used for state highways
  78. 78Methods of Hollow Slab Production1. Wet-cast: wet concrete with removable tubing-- most common
    2. Extruded-- dry concrete w/ voids?
    3. Slip Form: removable copper
    4. Air-inflated
  79. 79Precast concrete columns10x10--> supports 2000 sqft
    12x12 --> 2750 sqft
    16x16 --> 45000 sqft
  80. 80precast concrete wall pannels1. Solid-- up to 24' (2 stories) high
    2. Composite-- 5.5" to 12" thick, 24' high, foam insulation core
    3. Ribbed: thickest (12"-24"), can be 48' (4 stories high
  81. 81Pre Cast concrete toppingadded to smooth surface during curing?
  82. 82Pre-cast concrete productionIndoor Plant-- controlled enviornment; higher quality
    --casting beds-- permanent formwork that cures many pieces at a time
  83. 83Mansonry Production1. Raw materials (usually local) procured and crushed into aggregate
    2. Mixed with cement and water
    3. Brick forming (3 types)
    4. Drying
    5. Firing
  84. 84Methods of brick forming1. Stiff Mud: most common, column of clay is cut into sections on conveyer belt; uniform production
    2. Soft Mud: historical method-- clay is pressed into wooden molds
    3. Dry Press: a mondern method used for low-moldability; clay is pressed into steel molds by machine, uniform production
  85. 85BondsPattern of bricks based on layout
    -common-- row of headers between every 5/6 rows of stretchers
    -Flemish-- alternating header and stretchers within each row
    -English-- alternates headers and stretchers between each row
  86. 86Mansonry DimmensionsBrick: 4" 8"(most common; "standard") 7.5" ("modular") or 12", Roman (longer and a little taller; 4x12?), Norman (longer (12") and regular height
    CMU: 8x8x16 typical
    --dimmensions include 3/8" mortar joint
    -- dimmensions allow they to be used together
  87. 87Stone types1. Rubble:irregular cut, only nice on one side
    2. Flagstone: irregular cut, thin members for panneling or flooring
    3. Dimensioned-- cut very similar to bricks-- not used in exposed situations
    4. Crushed stones-- draining, paving
    5 Ashlar- small cut square stones that look like they are cut natural (ex: many college campuses)
    6. fieldstone-- rough building stone obtained from river beds and rocky fields
  88. 88cavity Wallpart of verneer construction; wall has gap betweeen verneer and structural elements in which insulation and water drainage (drainage membrane, flashing & weep holes) is placed
    -parts?
  89. 89flashingwaterproof material (often sheet metal or waterproof membrane) that collects any moisture that gets in behind the verneer and directs it to drain out through weep holes
  90. 90wall tiesconnect the two parts of a verneer cavity wall (structural to curtain)
  91. 91Control jointsgaps between material that allow them to exapnd/contracty without cracking/stress
    --typically used in concrete and masonry/stone
  92. 92pros/cons of masonry+ fire resistant
    + straightforawrd constrcution
    + oprotunity for variabilty in pattern/placement
    + connect to context and history
    - labor intensive (expert workers)
  93. 93metal panel envelope construction-- almost always cladding with subframe
    --corrugated sheet metal, metal plate panels, etc.
    -insulated metal panels-- two layers of metal panels with rigid foam platic in the middle-- lightweight, provide insulation and water repellant; can be used as rainscreen
  94. 94stucco construction-plaster made of cement
    -requires 3 coats (by hand or by spray) over metal wire
    3/4" thick, but depends on material being applied to
    -float, stippled, combed or pebbled finish
    -can be installed as a rainscreen
    (-) very porous; prone to cracks (use control joints)
    + fire resistant, cheap
  95. 95precast envelop construction- top hung or bottom bearing; both use tieback connections on non load-bearing ends
    -reinfored and prestressed
    -typically do not require subframe
    --variety of finishes
    --panels can include insulation within
    --ex: the broad (GFRC)
  96. 96wood siding envelope construction-fastened through sheathing directly onto studs
    -acts as rainscreen?
    --bevel siding / lap siding-- horizontal siding that is angled with one thick/thin end
    --shiplap siding--(horizontal) joined to one another with overlapping joints
    --drop siding- (horizontalhas a narrow end that fits into the thick end of the one above it
    --plywood siding-- pattern most commonly immitates vertical siding
    --vertical siding-- requires additional furring/sheathing/blocking-- members joined through Matched (flush joints) or Board
    batten-- extra wood piece on top of groove in vertical siding
  97. 97Types of envelope systems1. Infill-- envelope material is placed between structural elements; structure is left exposed and must be covered
    2. Cladding-- placed in front of strucutre; includinges curtain walls and rain screens
  98. 98General Components of Envelop systems1. Finish material
    2. Sub frames-- light steel or aluminum frame-- 2nd layer, not always necessary, extra attachment onto structure for finished materials (typical in stone or metal envelopes)
    3. air cavity-- at least 2"
    4. waterproof membrane
    5. structure wall
  99. 99evolution of glass construction methods--used for a long time in bead and bottles, but not used extensiivly for buidlings until 1800s
    1. Cylinder Glass (Crystal Palace)
    2. Crown Glass- better finish
    3. Plate galss--used frames
    4. Drawn Glass?
    5. Float glass-- used today
  100. 100types of treated glass1. Annealed Glass-- breaks easilyu, but safely in large peices
    2. Heat-strengthened-- stonger in bending, heat resistant
    3. Tempered glass: stronger version of of heat-treated glass; best for safety, breaks into small pieces, noticeable distortions
    4. laminated: when breaks, shards stay together, not strong, ofte used in skylights
    5. Spandrel Glass- covers the parts of the wall that connect with the floor
  101. 101visual treatements of glassTinted: film placed on glass, reduces solar heat
    reflective: made with chemicals, reduces solar heat
    fritted: patterns via transparency/tinting/refelctive
    -chromogenic-- changes optical properties when exposed to sun
  102. 102Glass thickness3/32" - 7/8"
    -- corresponds to size of pane
  103. 103components of glasslites-- actual glass
    -mullions-- frame that holds the glass together
  104. 104curtain wall construction methods for glass--caldding type of envelope
    1. stick built-- linear frames that the glazing is inserted into-- assembled on the building, which is adaptable but lacks controlled environment
    2. unitized-- frame and glazing come together-- produced in factory
    3. unit and mullion system-- in between stick and unitized-- rarely used today
    4. Panel system-- metal sheets of homogenous units-- expensive but good for modularity
  105. 105glass window wall--made of units
    --infill type of envelope; glass fits between the structure; different from curtain walls
  106. 106Insulated glass (IGUs)--trying to combat for insulating properties of glass
    1. double glazed-- gap between two panes with air inside
    2. tripple glaze-- third sheet with a 2nd air space
  107. 107Venturi--uses brick as a communicative facade
    -ex: Dixwell fire station, Lewis Thomas Labs, Gordon Wu Hall
  108. 108khanuses brick as an expession of structure and order
    -ex: Trenton Bath house, Exeter Library, Richards Medical Labs
  109. 109Types of Bricks1. Facing bricks: structural or non-structural application where appearance is important
    2. Building brick-- apearance does not matter; not shown
    3. Hollow Bricks-- allow for insertion of steel rebar, lighter weight
  110. 110Brick orientation and namingStretcher-- horizontal brick with long edge exposed
    Header- horizontal brick with short edge exposed
    Soldier- Vertical with long edge exposed
    Rowlock- horizontal on the short side of the long edge with short end exposed
  111. 111Wythevertical layer of bricks
  112. 112coursehorizontal band of bricks
    -closer: last unit laid in a course
  113. 113Types of Brick Joints1. Collar: Vertical joint between wythes
    2. Bed: horiztonal between courses
    3. head: vertical between units
  114. 114welded wire fabricreinforcement in concrete slabs controlls
    temperature stress, shrinkage, cracks,
    --good for light-medium loads
  115. 115tower chairshold (bottom) rebar in place while conrete is being poured
    -remains in concrete after curing
  116. 116bolsterslong versions of chairs that support rebar in the creation of large concrete beams/slabs
  117. 117tilt upmethod of mkaing site-cast reinforced concrete wall panels by casting them on top of an existing slab, then are "tilted up" to be correctly oriented-- removes much formwork normally needed-- economically favorable for small buildings (small max size production)
  118. 118shotcrete"pneumatically placed concrete"-- concrete that is spray-applied-- removes formwork except what it must be sprayed onto-- good for free-form strucutres such as pools
    -- can be used to repair damaged concrete
    --sitecast
  119. 119barrel shellconcrete-- long spaning strucutre method for concrete-- multiple barrel vaults next to each other
    --typically site-cast
    --requires reinforcement
  120. 120folded platelong-spanned structure method for concrete-- like barrel shell, but pointed triangle shape instead of arch
    --requires reinforcement
    -typically site cast
  121. 121bush hammertool used to give texture to concrete
  122. 122toppingadded to smooth surface of concrete during curing?
    -usually used when concrete is to be left exposed, such as a floor
    -2" thick
    --accomoades underfloor wiring
    --reinforced (wire fabric)
  123. 123water-stucktype of brick with a smooth, dense surface
    --created by soft-mud process with wet molds
  124. 124sand-struck/sand moldtype of brick with a mate-textured surface
    --produced by soft-mud process with send-dusted molds
  125. 125mortar joints?Join brick and CMU, created by "tooling"
    weathered joint-- diagonal sloping outwards
    vee joint--inward sharp angle-- shed water and resist freezing damage
    concave joint-- inward arch-- shed water and resist freezing
    raked/stripped joint-- vertical, recessed from the faceused indoors to accentuate the pattern of bricks and minimize mortar appearance
  126. 126lintelway of using masonry units to span opening; like a beam?
    -not visible on exterior
  127. 127Corbel (masonry)--bricks offset to form a sort of triangular arch
    --historically used to span small openings, r even support beams; very limited and weak
  128. 128efflorescencestaining on a wall caused by excess moisture
    -- Mortar Admixtures that repel water help avoid this in masonry walls
  129. 129types of insulationbatt insulation: fluffy stuff inserted between framing members, unattatesh or stapled in place, 16" or 24"w, made of glass fiber/mineral wool/cotton, low cost, combustable
    rigid insulation-- 1"-4" thick, 2'w, 2/4/8' long, attached to sheathing with adhesive
    --can be used together
  130. 130rainscreenenvelope system with an outer layer of water-resistant cladding (that allows some water into cavity), and air cavity, and a drainage plane on the air-tight structural wall
    (usually uses furring strips)
  131. 131GFRCglass fiber reinforced concrete
    --greatly reduces weight; less expensive, but is not self-supporting; requires subframe (used as veneer)
    1/2" thick
    --ex: the broad
  132. 132shingle constructionmade of wood, asphault, or slate
    --used on sloped roofs
    --nailed to roof sheathing; spacing determines shingle exposure
    -length of shingles determined by foor slope? (more slope= longer shingles?)
    -16, 18 or 24" L
    -slate is very durable and fire resistant, but are very heavy
  133. 133rim joistbetween sile plate and sole plate that joists attatch to? or last joist before wall?
  134. 134site-cast concrete slabs1. Ribbed-- one-way slab with thin slab on top connected "joists" to joists below-- minimizes non-working concrete; very light and economical
    2. Waffle Slab
  135. 135mortarjoins brick and CMU
    --typically made of limestone cement
  136. 136stone masonry/cladding patterns1. Random-- no organization/shape consistancy
    2. Coursed: laid in rows with similar organization to brick; continuous joint lines
  137. 137Herzong + DeMuron?
  138. 138Rural Studiolocaed in Alabama, adresses poverty though a material agenda aimed at improving the common good; local, often odd materials
    -- Harris butterfly house
    --Bryant haybale house
    -- Masons bend community center
    --yancy chapel
  139. 139Lacation & Vascallocated in paris. "cheap is more"-- aim to build more while spending less, creates customizable space
    -- maison latapie
    -- cite manifest social housing
  140. 140Assemblelocated in london, critiques profit-driven nature of architecture, prioritizes communal benefit
    -- folly for a flyover
    --yardhouse
  141. 141glass property measuresVT-- measures transparency
    SHGC-- solar heat gain coefficient-- measures effectiveness in reducing heat gain
    LSG-- overall energy effiecency-- takes into account transparency and heat gain
    U-factor-- measures thermal insulation (recipricol of R-value, which also measures thermal resistnace)-- lower number is better

Information

Description
Flashcards on '20 mat final, created by Erin Light on 09/05/2020.
Created by
Erin Light
Views
8
History
  • Created by Erin Light · Feb 24, 2020
  • Copied by Erin Light · May 9, 2020
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?