Flashcards
Infection Control 305
Cards in this deck (137)
- 1Helminths are?Worms
- 2What are Ascarids?Roundworms
- 3—Hookworm
- 4What type of helminth is this?Cestodes, tapeworm
- 5What type of Helminth is this?Roundworm, Nematodes
- 6Dirofilaria immitis and .............? ....... are two types of HeartwormAngiostrongylus Vasorum
- 7Name a Whip worm?Trichuris Vulpis
- 8Name 4 lungworms?Oslerus Osleri
Capillaria Aerophila
Aleurostrongylus Abstrusus
Crenosoma Vulpis - 9Name 3 Cestodes?Dipylidium Caninum
Taenia Spp
Echinochoccus Granulosus - 10What are Trematodes?Fluke Worm eg.
Liver fluke - 11What are Protozoa?A single cell organism
- 12Name 5 Protozoa?Coccidia
Toxoplasma Gondii
Neospora Caninum
Giardia
Isospora - 13What does the term "Definitive Host" mean?The final host where the parasite is able to complete its life cycle
- 14What does the term " Intermediate Host" mean?The parasite undertakes part of its life cycle in this animal or uses it for transport
- 15How do Endoparasites cause harm?- inactivate gut enzymes
- damage to gut walls causing bleeding
- migration of parasites leads to damage to internal organs - 16What is the "mouth" part of the Cestode called?Rostellum
- 17What is the head and neck part of the Cestode called?Scolex
- 18Each individual segment of the Cestode is called a ..........?Proglottid
- 19The chain of individual segments on a Cestode is called?Strobila (The chain of reproductive units)
- 20What does the word Gravid mean when talking about Cestodes?Fully mature
- 21Each proglottid can reproduce...... in what way?Asexually
- 22What is the intermediate stage of the tapeworms development?Metacestode
- 23Tapeworms can cause 3 different types of cysts, what are the names of these?Cysticerus
Cysticercoid
Hydatid Cyst - 24The Cestode Dipylidium Caninum are normally transferred by ingesting .....?Fleas
- 25Infectious agents that cause harm are called???Pathogens
- 26What does the term Transmissibility mean?The capacity to pass from one host to another
- 27Infectivity is the ability to??Penetrate the hosts defences
- 28Virulence is the ability to ????Harm the host
- 29What are mechanical vectors, or fomites?Inanimate objects, such as bedding, food bowls, brushes toys etc
- 30Vertical Transmission is ?From mother to offspring, or through the womb
- 31What are Zoonosis?Diseases that are transmissable from animals to humans
- 32What does the term Nosocomial Infections mean?Infections that patients get whilst in hospital
- 33What is the risk source for Campylobacter Spp?Contaminated Food especially Poultry
- 34What are the risk sources for Salmonella spp?Contaminated Food, Faeces of carrier animals, birds, reptiles and fish
- 35What are the risk sources for Leptospirosis?Water bourne, urine of infected rats dogs and cattle
ZOONOSIS - 36Which is smaller .... a bacteria or a virus?A Virus
- 37A virus particle is composed of two parts, these are?Nucleic Acid (RNA or DNA)
&
Protein coat ( The capsid) - 38What is the difference between disinfection and Antisepsis?Disinfection destroys most micro organisms from inanimate objects and antisepsis is destroying most micro organisms from living tissue.
- 39What protocols should be followed when using disinfectants?* COSHH data sheet
*Using correct solution
*Wear PPE
*Use fresh solution
*Use hot water (more effective)
* Do not mix more than 1 solution - 40What type of disinfectant is toxic to cats?Phenolic Acid
- 41Which disinfectant is good against bacteria, fungi and some viruses, but not against bacterial spores. Can irritate dry skin and is flammable?Alcohol
- 42Which disinfectant is effective against gram positive bacteria eg staphylococci, but not against gram negative bacteria and mycoplasmas. Is not affected by bodily fluids and is inactivated by soaps, plastics and organic matter?Chlorhexidine
- 43Which disinfectant is effective against gram positive bacteria less so against gram negatives, does not kill bacterial spores, it is a fungicidal and has poor action against viruses?Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- 44Which disinfectant has a wide range of action against bacteria, viruses, fungi and bacterial spores, contains a detergent aswell. Is an irritant at high concentrations and has low toxicity?Halogenated Tertiary Amine
- 45Which group of disinfectants has good action against bacteria (though not mycobacteria), fungi. viruses and some bacterial spores, is less effective in the presence of organic matter and can corrode some metals?Peroxides
- 46Which group of disinectants is toxic to cats, a black, white or clear liquid, good action against bacteria and fungi, though variable with respect to viruses. Inactive against bacterial spores, is toxic and strong smelling ?Phenols
- 47What group of disinfectants has a wide range of action against bacteria, fungi, viruses and spores, is slow acting, very irritant, toxic to the skin, eyes and respiratory mucosa ?Aldehydes
- 48Which group of disinfectants is very effective against viruses, bacteria, fungi and bacterial spores, corrosive, may cause bleaching, airway irritant, can deteriorate with exposure to sunlight, and if used in the presence of urine can cause a noxious gas ?Halogens (hypochlorite)
- 49Which group of disinfectants has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria. viruses and fungi with some activity against bacterial spores, may corrode metal leading to staining, often used as a skin antiseptic, and used in the cleansing of open wounds?Halogens (Iodine based)
- 50Name a combination disinfectant which is used for the Environment ?Trigene
- 51What antiseptic from the Halogens group is used on the skin?Iodine
- 52Which disinfectant is from the group "Phenols" and can be used on the environment and skin?Dettol
- 53What is the common name for Hypochlorites that should be diluted at a ratio of 1:32 and used only for the environment?Bleach
- 54What is the common name that we use in practice for Isopropanol ?Surgical spirit
- 55Which group does Chlorhexidine (Hibiscrub) come under?Biguanides
- 56What does the term "Intrinsic Resistance" mean ?Where bacteria are born with a natural resistance to the disinfectant in question
- 57What does the term "Extrinsic Resistance" mean ?where bacteria that is normally sensitive become resistant following exposure to a particular disinfectant
- 58What are the genes for bacterial resistance carried on ? That are ring like structures of genetic material which are found floating within the bacterial cytoplasmPlasmids
- 59Gram negative bacteria such as S*****l** spp tend to be more r**i**** to the action of chemical disinfection than gram positive bacteria such as s****y***o*** salmonella
* resistant
* staphylococci - 60Non - enveloped viruses eg Parvovirus tend to develop ********* more frequently than enveloped ones eg FeLV.Resistance
- 61What are the four shapes of a virus nucleocapsid ?* Helical
* Icosahedral
* Complex
* Composite - 62How does a virus replicate ?It has to enter a host cell & can only attach to a cell that carry a compatible receptor
eg influenza virus can only attach to ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract - 63What is an indirect route of transmission?* floor licking
* toy sharing
* water bowls
* sneezing
* fomites - 64What is a direct route of transmission ?* Grooming one another
* puppies suckling from mum - 65Which microscope do you need to use to view virus particles? a, Light microscope b, electron microscopeB, electron microscope
- 66What four types of supportive nursing can we do for an animal with a viral infection ?* Fluids
* Nutrition
* Antibacterial ( to limit secondary bacterial infection)
* Treat symptoms - 67What does the body produce to fight a virus ?Antibody
- 68What is a prion ?A very small protein particle
- 69Does a Prion have a nuclea centre ?No
- 70Where do Prions attack in the body ?The Central Nervous System (CNS)
- 71How long is the incubation period for Prions ?2 months - 2 years
- 72What are the clinical signs of Prions ?* Nervous signs
* Incoordination ( like ataxia) - 73Bacteria is a single celled organism, and ranges in size from ?????0.5um - 5um
(micrometres or micron) - 74What are the 2 parts to a virus ?Nucleic Acid (RNA or DNA)
&
The Capsid ( A protein coat) - 75What do the nucleic acid and the capid of a virus form together ?Nucleocapsid
- 76Some viruses have additional membranes, what are these called?Envelopes
- 77What are the three types of dry heat sterilisation ?Basic dry heat oven
convection oven (fan assisted)
high vacuum assisted oven - 78Sterilisation can be achieved in a variety of methods, what are these?Dry heat
Moist heat
Gas
Radiation
Chemical - 79Will temperatures less than 140 degrees kill spores within 5 hours?No
- 80Moist heat sterilisers use a combination of what three things ?Pressure, heat and moisture
- 81What is the standard pressure for moist heat sterilising ?15 pounds per square inch (15 psi) at 121 decrees C for 15 minutes
- 82wet burns are called ?Scalds / scalding
- 83Dry burns are called ?Burns
- 84If an autoclave is set at 126 degrees C and set at 20 PSI, how long will it need to be on for ?10 minutes
- 85If an autoclave is set at 121 degrees C and the PSI is 15, how long will the cycle be ?15 minutes
- 86If an autoclave is 134 degrees C and 30 PSI, how long will the cycle take ?3 - 3.5 minutes
- 87TST (time, steam, temperature) strips change colour from yellow to ?? Indicating that the correct temperature and time has been reachedpurple
- 88TST strips can be used with what types of sterilisation ?Ethylene Oxide
Autoclaves - 89Bowie dick tape indicates that a temperature of ?? has been reached121 degrees C
- 90What are spore tests ?Strips of paper impregnated with a controlled amount of bacterial spores usually Bacillus
- 91After sterilisation, how long do you need to culture the spore tests for ?72 hours
- 92What is the advantage and disadvantage over Spore tests ?Advantage : most accurate
Disadvantage : delay in getting results (takes a long time) - 93Which types of sterilisation can you use spore tests in ?Autoclave
Ethylene Oxide
Hot air ovens - 94What are Brownes Tubes ?A small glass tube that changes colour when a specified temperature has been met
- 95Brownes tubes change from red to ?Green
- 96Where can Brownes tubes be used ?Autoclaves
- 97How long can sterilised items be stored ?6 - 8 weeks
- 98What gas is currently used for Gas sterilisation ?Ethylene Oxide
- 99What can Ethylene Oxide also be called ?Anprolene
- 100How long does a sterilisation cycle take with EO ?12 hours
- 101After sterilisation with EO how long do you leave it before you open the door?2 hours
- 102What can you not sterilise with EO and why ?PVC because it reacts with the gas
- 103Cold Sterilisation is ?Chemical sterilisation
- 104What is the aim with "Challenge and Response" ?The aim is to Minimise the Challenge of infection and Maximise the Response of the patient to the Challenge
- 105What are HAI's ?Hospital aquired infections, nosocomial
- 106What is meant by direct contact transmission ?Requires close contact in order to transmit pathogens from an infected animal, for example, licking, rubbing, biting and sexual contact and when a dam is feeding her young
- 107Would organisms that rely on direct transmission as their main route of transmission last long in the environment ?No
- 108What is meant by indirect contact transmission ?Pathogens are transmitted without making direct contact via an inanimate object (mechanical vector also known as fomite) or environmental surface
- 109Give some examples of critical fomites ?door knobs, cupboard handles, kitchen and bathroom facilities and equipment such as computer keyboards/the mouse, stethoscopes, clippers, and cages, blankets, litter trays and food bowls
- 110What is aerosol / droplet transmission ?Droplets are generated from infected animal through coughing or sneezing. These droplets become aerosolized, often being propelled one to two metres through the air.
- 111What is vector-bourne transmission ? Also known as Biological VectorsVector-borne transmission occurs when insect vectors, for example, fleas, ticks, and mosquitos transmit pathogens usually through biting a person or animal
- 112What is Iatrogenic transmission ?The accidental transmission of infectious disease to a susceptible patient by the direct actions of a member of the veterinary team is termed iatrogenic transmission and could be termed a hospital-acquired infection, (HAI)
- 113What type of organisms are bacteria ?Uni cellular organisms
- 114What are bacteria called that live and feed off dead organic matter called ?Saphrophytes
- 115What is the name for bacteria that live on or inside the body rarely causing a problem ?Commensals
- 116What is the name for bacteria that is essential for the animals healthy state of life ?Mutualisitic
- 117Name 2 spore producing bacteria ?Clostridium
Bacillus - 118Name 2 acid fast bacteria ?Mycobacteria
Chlamydophila - 119Name 5 gram negative organismsPseudomonas
Proteus
E coli
Salmonella
Bordetella - 120Name 2 gram positive organismscocci, eg Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasmas
- 121Which type of bacteria is the most sensitive to disinfectant ?Gram positive
- 122What are viruses measured in ?Nanometres (nM)
- 123Is a virus non cellular or uni cellular >Non Cellular
- 124Does a virus contain DNA, RNA, or both ?One or the other, never both
- 125A virus is parasitic because it always requires a ????Host
- 126How can viruses spread ?ingestion, inhalation, blood, and other body fluids
- 127Once a virus has got into the body it will attach to a cells surface that carries a compatible receptor, what does it do after this ?It injects its genetic material into the cytoplasm and interfers with the cell’s normal metabolic processes in such a manner that the cell starts to produce more virus particles until eventually the ‘host’ cell ruptures
- 128What is more resistant a non enveloped virus or an enveloped virus ?Non enveloped viruses
- 129What is a multi cellular or uni cellular organism that is deficient in Chlorophyl ?Fungi
- 130Fungi are either parasites or saphrophytes, and they can not live without a constant source of ????Food
- 131Yeasts are ?? cellular, reproduce how, and require ?uni cellular
a sexually
oxygen - 132Two Common examples of inhaled fungal pathogens are ?Aspergillus
Cryptococcus - 133Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin caused by either ??????? OR ????????Trichophyton
Microsporum - 134What is classed as the simplest form of animal life, one single cell ?Protozoa
- 135Which is more resistant in the environment ? Viruses, fungi, protozoa or bacteria ?Protozoa
- 136What is an abnormal form of protein ?Prions
- 137What is usually responsible for a variety of fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals ?Prions
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Infection Control 305, created by Hannah Spicer on 14/03/2015.
- Created by
- Hannah Spicer
- Views
- 8
- Rating