230695
Description
Flashcards by dreamin1430, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by dreamin1430
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define: Freezethaw | Fracturing of rocks by the expansionary pressure associated with the freezing of water in bedding planes or pore spaces. |
| Define: (Salt)Crystal Growth | Salt crystals form in surface rock pores which may weaken and eventually shatter the rock. |
| Define: Insolation | Stresses are set-up when a rock is alternately heated and cooled. |
| Define: Hydration | Chemical reaction of water with another substance in the rock, leading to changes in its structure. |
| Define: Pressure Release | Overlying minerals are removed and cracks appear in the rock. |
| Define: Exfoliation | Weakening and separation of the surface layers of rock as a result of chemical and physical weathering. |
| Define: Hydrolysis | Chemical combination of water with another substance in the rock, and involving expansion. |
| Define: Oxidation | Reaction of minerals in the rock with oxygen. |
| Define: Carbonation | Reaction of calcium carbonate in the rock with rainwater. (Weak carbonic acid.) |
| Define: Hydraulic Radius | The cross sectional area of a river divided by the wetted perimeter. |
| Define: Wetted Perimeter | The total length of the bed and base of a river channel in contact with the water in the river. |
| Define: Pools | The deep parts of a river located in the outer bend of a river. |
| Define: Riffles | The ridges - often formed of gravel - found in the straight part of a river between two meanders. |
| Define: Cavitation | The explosion of air ion the joints and cracks as a result of air at a very high pressure |
| Define: Thalweg | The line of maximum velocity in a river. |
| Define: Helicoidal Flow | The corkscrew-like motion that occurs in a meander |
| Define: River Cliffs | The steep-sided slopes on the outer bend of the meander |
| Define: Slip-of-Slope | The gentle slope deposited on the inner bend of a meander. |
| Define: Bankfull Stage | Where the channel variables (Depth, width and velocity) of a river are unable to cope with additional water. |
| Define: Centrifugal | Outward - moving force. |
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