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| Question | Answer |
| Gene | A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic |
| Allele | One specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene |
| Genome | The whole of the genetic information of an organism |
| Gene mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA, coding for a particular feature |
| Homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that share the same structural features(size, banding pattern, centromere position), and the same genes(alles may be different) at the same loci positions |
| Gene | The allele combination of an organism |
| Phenotype | The characteristics of an organism |
| Dominant Allele | An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state |
| Recessive Allele | An allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state |
| Codominant Alleles | Pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote |
| Locus | The particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles of a gene |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles of a gene |
| Carrier | An individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele |
| Test Cross | Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive |
| Sex linkage | When a gene controlling a characteristic is found on a sex chromosome, and we associate the characteristic with gender |
| Clone | A clone is a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell |
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