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Flashcards

Research Methods- Psychology

beccamills1 English 67 cards

Cards in this deck (67)

  1. 1Null HypothesisA statement to predict that your IV will have no effect on your DV.
  2. 2Experimental HypothesisA statement to predict that the IV will have an effect on the DV.
  3. 3Directional HypothesisStates which condition of your IV will be better / worse
  4. 4Non-directionl HypothesisStates the IV will have an effect on the DV, but doesn't state how it will be different
  5. 5Independent VariableThe variable in the experiment that you change
  6. 6Dependent VariableThe variable in the experiment that you measure
  7. 7OperationalisationThe process of devising an exact way of measuring the variables.
  8. 8Extraneous VariablesFactors which can influence the DV other than the IV.
  9. 9Situational VariablesVariables connected with the research situation.
  10. 10Participant VariablesAny characteristic of individual Participant. (Can perform better in on condition because of characterises not Iv they receive)
  11. 11Demand CharacteristicsOccur when participants try to make sense of the research situation they find themselves in and act accordingly.
  12. 12Investigator EffectsResearchers behaviour & characteristics on an investigation
  13. 13Independent Measures Design.Each participant allocated to one condition.
  14. 14Repeated Measures DesignParticipants take part in all conditions.
  15. 15Matched Pairs2 separate groups of participants but matched on similar characteristics
  16. 16Counterbalancingensures each condition is tested first/second in equal amounts.
  17. 17Lab Studyhighest level of control over variables.
    Technical equipment & accurate measures made.
  18. 18Field Studyexperimental investigations carried out in the natural environment.
  19. 19Natural StudyNaturally occuring differences in the IV. Researcher doesn't control IV.
  20. 20ObservationsBehaviour is observed either in its natural context / lab setting.
    Usually without intrusion of the observer.
  21. 21Behavioural CategoriesClassifying examples into categories of the behaviour observed.
  22. 22Controlled Observationscontrolled by the researcher. (lab / field)
  23. 23Naturalistic ObservationEverything left as it normal is. natural occurring variables observed.
  24. 24Non-participation Observationbased on observations made from a distance or from outside the group or situation.
  25. 25Undisclosed Observation (Covert Observation)Participants are not aware that they are being observed.
  26. 26Disclosed Observation (Overt Observation)Participants aware that they're being observed.
  27. 27Structured ObservationBefore research begins the researcher determines exactly which behaviours are to be observed.
  28. 28Unstructured ObservationData collected in an unplanned way
  29. 29Open QuestionsA question which can generate an answer which could be different for each individual.
  30. 30Closed QuestionA question which has a limited range of answers people will respond to one of the categories.
  31. 31Leading QuestionsA question phrased in such a way that it biases a respondents reply.
  32. 32Quantitive DataInformation collected in research that is in a numerical form
  33. 33Qualitative DataInformation collected in research that is non numerical, narrative form.
  34. 34Questionnaireself repot technique that uses structured set of questions for asking a large sample of people about their views and behaviours.
  35. 35Self Report.techniques that enable this participating to provide information about specific things about themselves as opposed to the experimenter observing these things directly.
  36. 36Likeit Scalecollect quantitive data based on a scale of 1-5
  37. 37StructuredAn interview where the researcher has written questions prior to the interview.
  38. 38Semi-StructuredThe interview writes some questions before the interview but can also ask further questions based on the respondents replies to get more detail from an answer.
  39. 39Unstructured Interviewinterviewer writes no questions. They write themes or topics, but can make up questions on the spot.
  40. 40Pilot Studiessmall scale trial run of a specific research investigation to test out planned procedures & identify any flaws and areas of improvement.
  41. 41Case StudiesIn-depth study over time of 'case' which is usually a dingle individual or small group.
  42. 42Split half techniquetake 1/2 results from one group of ppts & ½ from another group and analyse to see if they are similar.
  43. 43Test Restestppts do the test twice with some time in between.
  44. 44Internal Validityfindings are due to the variables being manipulated & not extraneous variables.
  45. 45External ValidityThe findings are true to real life.
  46. 46Ecological ValidityGeneralise to situations outside of the research setting
  47. 47Population ValidityGeneralise to other groups of people
  48. 48Informed ConsentBriefed with as much informations as possible, enabling them to take an informed judgement as to whether to take part or not.
  49. 49Right to WithdrawPpts aware that they are free to leave a study at any time, even if paid. Also refuse permission for their data to be used.
  50. 50Protection from Harmppts psychological and physiological safety must be ensured.
  51. 51BriefingOutline the study & what ppts are going to be doing
  52. 52DebriefingTell the ppts everything thats happened in detail, what you were intending to find & offer support if they've been affected by the study.
  53. 53DeceptionNot giving the ppt the correct details of the experiment or lying to them about what will happen.
  54. 54Anonymityppts are given a Pseudonym or ppt number to protect their identity.
  55. 55Confidentialityinfo about ppts are protected by the data protection act. They must not be identifiable in published research.
  56. 56Random Samplingevery member of the target population has the same chance of being chosen
  57. 57Opportunity SamplingAnyone you can get hold of to take part in your study within the area you are in.
  58. 58Volunteer SamplingPeople select themselves for the study.
  59. 59Nominal DataCategoric. The data is allocated to specific category which is mutually exercise.
  60. 60Ordinal DataData put into order.
  61. 61Interval Datacontinuous data, can be measured on standardised scale. 0 has a meaning.
  62. 62Ratio Datasame as interval. Can be measured on standardised scale. Zero means nothing measured
  63. 63Meanadd all the scored the divide by sum by number of pieces of data
  64. 64Modemost frequently occurring score
  65. 65Medianput in order, find middle value.
    If
    Even score = 2 middle numbers, add together and divide by 2.
  66. 66Rangedifference between the highest and lowest scores
  67. 67Standard DeviationStatistic that tells you how tightly the data is clustered around the mean in a set of data.

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Flashcards on Research Methods- Psychology , created by beccamills1 on 28/03/2015.
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beccamills1
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