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- 1Q. Define the term resource.Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs provided it's technologically accessible, Economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as "resource"
- 2Q. What does the process of transformation of things involve?The Process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive relationship between nature, technology, and institutions. Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
- 3Q. Why are humans an essential component of resources?They transform the material available in our environment into resources and use them.
- 4Q. Mention the classification of resources broadly.1) On the basis of Origin - Biotic and Abiotic
2) On the basis of Exhaustability - renewable and non-renewable.
3) On the basis of Ownership - Individual, community, national and international
4) On the basis of the status of development - potential, developed, stock and reserves - 5Q. explain the classification of resources on the basis of Origin.Biotic Resources: These are obtained from the biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora, and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.
Abiotic Resources: All those things which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, rocks and metals - 6Q. explain the classification of resources on the basis of Exhaustability.Renewable Resources: *The resources
which can be renewed or reproduced by
physical, chemical or mechanical processes
are known as renewable or replenishable
resources.*They can further be divided into continuous and flow.* examples - solar and wind energy, water, forests, and wildlife, etc
Non-Renewable Resources: *These occur
over a very long geological time. These resources take millions of years in their
formation. * Minerals and
fossil fuels are examples of such resources.* they can be divided into recyclable (metals) and nonrecyclable (Fossil fuel - exhaust by their use.) - 7Q. Classify resources on the basis of ownership. ( Individual and community )#Individual Resources: These are owned privately by individuals. Many farmers own land which is allotted to them by the government against the payment of revenue. In villages, there are people with land ownership but there are many who are landless. Urban people own plots, houses, and other properties. Plantation, pasture lands, ponds, water in wells, etc. are some of the examples of resource ownership by individuals.
#Community Owned Resources: There are resources that are accessible to all the members of the community. Village commons (grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds, etc.) public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are de facto accessible to all the people living there. - 8Q. Classify resources on the basis of ownership. (national and international )*National Resources*: Technically, all the
resources belong to the nation. The country has legal powers to acquire even private property for the public good. Urban Development Authorities get empowered by the government to acquire land. All the minerals, water resources, forests, wildlife, land within the political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.
*International Resources*: There are
international institutions that regulate some resources. The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilize these without the concurrence of international institutions. - 9Q. Classify resources on the basis of the status of development. (potential and Developed)#Potential Resources: Resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilized. For example, the western parts of India particularly Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.
#Developed Resources: Resources that are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilization. The development of resources depends on technology and the level of their feasibility. - 10Q. Classify resources on the basis of the status of development. (stock and reserves)#Stock: Materials in the environment that have the potential to satisfy human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to access these are included among stock. For example, water is a compound of two gases; hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have advanced technical ‘know-how’ to use it for this purpose. Hence, it can be considered as stock.
#Reserves - they're a subset of stocks which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilized only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests, etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. - 11Q. What are the problems faced by humans due to the indiscriminate use of resources?#Depletion of resources for satisfying the
the greed of a few individuals.
#Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e. haves and have nots or rich and poor.
#Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, and land degradation. - 12Q. Define sustainable development.Sustainable economic development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of future generations.’
- 13Q. Where and when was the first international earth summit held? what happened there?In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International Earth Summit. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21st century
- 14Q. explain Agenda 21.It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat
environmental damage, poverty, disease
through global co-operation on common
interests, mutual needs and shared
responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21. - 15Q. What is the need for resource planning in India.#. There are regions that are rich in certain types of resources but are deficient in some other resources.
# There are some regions which can
be considered self-sufficient in terms of the availability of resources and there are some regions that have acute shortage of some vital resources.
#For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits. Arunachal Pradesh has an abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural development.
#The state of Rajasthan is very
well endowed with solar and wind energy but lacks in water resources.
# The cold desert of Ladakh is relatively isolated from the rest of the country. It has a very rich cultural heritage but it is deficient in water, infrastructure and
some vital minerals.
#This calls for balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional, and local levels. - 16Q. Steps involved in Resource planning in India.(i) identification and inventory of
resources across the regions of the country. This involves surveying, mapping, and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill, and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
(iii) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans. - 17Q. why the conservation of resources is important?#Resources are vital for any developmental activity.
#But irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources may lead to socio-economic and environmental problems.
# To overcome these
problems, resource conservation at various levels is important - 18Q. “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.” who said this statement and Justify the statement.This statement was said by mahatma gandhi. Gandhi Ji placed the greedy and
selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses
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- Flashcards on Untitled, created by GUNNU KI PATHSHALA on 15/07/2020.
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