Flashcards
Geography Coastal Zone
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1How does mechanical weathering occurWater gets into the rock which has cracks
The water freezes and expands putting pressure on the rocks
The water thaws releasing the pressure
The repeated freezing and thawing causes the rock to break up - 2How does chemical weathering occurRainwater has carbon dioxide dissolved in it making it a weak carbonic acid
It reacts with the rock which contains calcium carbonate - 3What is mass movementThe shifting of rocks and loose material down a slope. It either slides or slumps down the cliff and causes coasts to retreat rapidly
- 4What kind of waves cause erosionDestructive waves
10-14 waves
high and steep
Backwash stronger than swash - 5How is a wave-cut platform formedMost erosion occurs at the foot of the cliff. This forms a wave-cut notch which enlarges. The notch becomes unstable and collapses. The collapsed material is washed away and the process repeats. As the cliff retreats a wave-cut platform is left behind.
- 6How are headlands and bays formedThey form where there are alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock. The less resistant rock is eroded quickly forming a bay with a gentle slope. The resistant rock is eroded slowly and is left sticking out with steep sides.
- 7How are stacks formedHeadlands usually have cracks which are enlarged by the waves. This is repeated creating a cave which becomes deeper through erosion until it breaks through the other side forming an arch. The rock supporting the arch is worn away until it collapses forming a stack.
- 8What are the characteristics of a sand beachFlat and wide with a long gentle slope
- 9What are the characteristics of a shingle beachSteep and narrow
- 10How is a spit formedThey form at sharp bends in the coat. Longshore drift transports sand and shingle past the bend and deposits it in the sea. Strong wind and waves curve the end of the spit. The sheltered area behind the spit allows plants to grow. Over time this becomes a salt marsh or mud flat.
- 11How is a bar formedWhen a spit joins two headlands together. This means a lagoon forms behind the bar.
- 12How does global warming affect rising sea levelsMelting ice-The ice melts on the land going into the sea
Heating Oceans-The temperature increases causing the water to expand - 13Give three examples of hard engineeringSea wall
Rock armour
Groynes - 14Give 4 examples of soft engineeringBeach nourishment
Dune regeneration
Marsh creation
Managed retreat
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Geography Coastal Zone, created by accringtonstanley on 04/04/2015.
- Created by
- accringtonstanley
- Views
- 0
- Rating
More on Coastal processes and erosion