Flashcards
MCAT Solutions Review
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Solvation (Dissolution)the chemical interactions between the solute and solvent; can be called hydration if the solvent is water
- 2Exothermic Solvationsthe new interactions are stronger than the old ones; gases dissolved into liquids; favored at lower temperatures
- 3Endothermic Solvationsthe new interactions are weaker than the old ones; favored at higher temperatures
- 4Ideal Solutionsenthalpy change is approximately equal to zero
- 5SolubilityThe maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved into a particular solvent at a given temperature; if this max amount has been added, the solution is SATURATED
- 6Sparingly Soluble Saltssolutes that dissolve minimally in solvents (Molar Solubility is less than .1 M)
- 7Solubility RulesCASH N' Gia
Chlorates, Acetates/Ammonium, Sulfates*, Halogens**, Nitrates, Group 1 metals
*sulfates not soluble w/ CBS HAPPY (calcium, barium, strontium, mercury, lead, & silver)
**halogens not soluble w/ HAPPY (mercury, lead, silver) - 8Complex Ion (Coordination Compound)a cation is bonded to at least one electron-pair donor (ligand); held together w/ coordinate covalent bonds; example: hemoglobin
- 9Chelationone cation is bonded to at least two of the same ligand
- 10Percent Composition by Massmass of solute/mass of solution x 100
- 11Mole FractionXa = moles of A/total moles of all species
- 12MolarityM = moles of solute/liters of solution
- 13Molalitym = moles of solute/kilograms of solvent
- 14Dilution FormulaMiVi = MfVf
- 15solubility product constant formulaKsp = (a^m+)^n(b^n-)^m
***should never have a denominator - 16Ion Product (IP)same formula as solubility product constant
- 17Ion Product Relations to KspIP < Ksp: the solution is unsaturated; solute will continue to dissolve
IP = Ksp: the solution is saturated; the solution is at equilibrium
IP > Ksp: the solution is supersaturated; precipitation will occur - 18Common Ion Effectthe solubility of salt will be considerably reduced when it is dissolved in a solution that already contains one of its constituent ions
- 19the formation/stability constantthe formation of a complex ion; usually much larger than Ksp; complex ions increase solubility in a solution
- 20Vapor Pressure Depression (Rault's Law)PA = XAPA0
***PA is the vapor pressure, XA is the mole fraction of the solvent in solution, and PA0 is the vapor pressure in a pure state; vapor pressure will decrease as solute is added to the solvent - 21Boiling Point Elevationdelta Tb = iKbm;
when a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the boiling point of the solution will be greater than that of the pure solvent - 22Freezing Point Depressiondelta Tf = iKfm;
when a solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solution will be lower than that of the pure solvent - 23Osmotic Pressureosmotic pressure = iMRT
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- Flashcards on MCAT Solutions Review, created by Saige Boris on 26/07/2020.
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