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Description
Flashcards by maryam.beydoun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by maryam.beydoun
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| An airway obstruction is an increased resistance to airflow during what? | FORCED EXPIRATION |
| Define Bronchitis | inflammation and infection of the airways |
| Define Emphysema | It is a disease characterised by dilation of the alveolar spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls. With their loss, much of the elastic recoil of the lung is also lost |
| Define COPD | Persistent airway obstruction associated with varying combinations of chronic bronchitis, respiratory bronchiolitis, asthma and emphysema. |
| Is COPD reversible? | No. |
| Is Asthma reversible? | Yes, it is usually reversible |
| Noxious particle or gases can induce the symptoms of COPD True or false? | TRUE |
| COPD should be considered in any patient with....? | 1. History of exposure to risk factors especially tobacco smoking 2. Cough (sputum) 3. Dyspnoea - shortness of breath |
| What changes occur in the bronchial wall in patients with COPD | Inflammation and fibrosis |
| What can excess mucus production by hypertrophied mucous glands lead to? | Obstructed airflow and bronchitis |
| What can the loss of alveolar tissue lead to? | Decreased surface area for gas exchange. |
| What can the loss of elastic lung fibres lead to? | airway collapse, obstructed exhalationn, air-trapping - barrel chest. |
| What is the barrel chest in patients a manifestation of? | COPD |
| Emphysema is the destruction of walls of the alveoli due to the effect of what enzyme in the terminal airways? | proteolytic enzymes |
| What is the major reason for the loss of lungs' elastic fibres in emphysema | Decrease in a1-antitrypsin activity is a major reason for the loss of lungs' elastic fibres in emphysema. |
| Smokers have and increased ____ activity, resulting in permanent enlargement of air spaces and decreased elastic recoil. | Elastase |
| What becomes difficult for patients suffering COPD? | Expiration |
| Will the loss of elastic lung fibres lead to airway collapse? | Yes. |
| Is the respiration rate increased or decreased in patients with emphysema? | Increase respiration rate |
| Who would use pink puffer or the blue bloater? | Pink Puffer - Emphysema Blue Bloater - Bronchitis |
| Is the airway increased or decreased for patients with emphysema? | Decreased |
| Are the blood vessel (capillary bed) increased, decreased or unchanged for patients with emphysema? | Decreased |
| Is the cardiac output low or high for patients with emphysema? | Low |
| Are the arterial O2 level increased or decreased for patients with emphysema? | Decreased |
| Bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of what? | bronchial tubes. |
| True or False? 1. Production cough is a manifestation of bronchitis 2. Viral and bacterial infections are common causes of bronchitis 3. viral infection in acute bronchitis can start in the nose and sinuses | 1. True 2. True 3. True |
| What are the diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis? | - Chest x-ray - Lung function tests - Pulse oximetry (determine amount of oxygen in blood) - Arterial blood gas (measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. - Sputum sample |
| What are the three treatment principles of chronic bronchitis? | 1. Clear excess mucous to improve ventilation 2. antibiotics to treat infection 3. O2 therapy for dyspnoea |
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