2464312
Description
Flashcards by Melinda Colby, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Melinda Colby
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| During meiosis, the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of ? | homologous chromosomes. |
| What are homologous chromosomes? | Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes in the same location |
| What is meiosis? | The name of the process in which a woman produces eggs and a male produces sperm. |
| What happens during meiosis? | When, in a diploid cell, the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half, through the separation of homologous chromosomes, |
| What is the end result of meiosis? | 4 haploid gamete cells |
| What is an allele? Come up with an example | a different form of a gene Gene= eyes Allele= brown, blue, green |
| What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis? | It halves: the cell becomes a haploid cell |
| What is a genotype and how is it expressed? | The genetic make up of an organism....expressed using lower and capital letters letters FgBB |
| Different forms of a gene are called? | alleles |
| What is a Phenotype and how is it expressed? | The characteristic of appearance of an organism expressed using words: yellow fur, green fur, blue eyes |
| What is a homologous Chromosome? | Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes |
| What is a diploid cell? What is an example? | A diploid cell is a cell that contains all of the chromosomes for that particular organism. Example: human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 |
| Are the gametes from a male or female all identical and all the same? or are they all unique and different? | Unique and different |
| What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis? | The difference is that during the process of mitosis, one cell separates into two identical diploid cells, and in the process of meiosis one cell separates into 4 unique haploid gamete cells |
| Draw a diagram of mitosis. | |
| Draw a diagram of meiosis. | |
| How do chromosomes exchange genetic information? | crossing over |
| what is non disjunction? | When chromosomes do not separate correctly which can lead to genetic disorders Example: down syndrome |
| What is the significance of meiosis? | increases genetic variation |
| What does the process of fertilization result in? | A diploid, zygote cell, that due to sperm meeting egg, has a new combination of genetic material |
| Crossing over in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between? | Homologous chromosomes |
| How does "crossing over" happen and what is its significance? | Crossing over is a random event, and it results in increased diversity of gametes and therefore offspring |
| what is independent assortment? | refers to a random way in which chromosomes line up during metaphase I and metaphase II of meiosis, in order to produce diverse gametes |
| Why is the Independent assortment named independent? | Because the way that one pair of homologous Chromosomes lines up does NOT affect the way that other pairs line up. Chromosomes line up "Independently" |
| What does Fertilization restore and what does it allow for? | Fertilization restores the original number of chromosome pairs and reshuffles the genetic information, allowing for variation among offspring |
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