Flashcards
MCAT Fluids
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1Fluidssubstances that have the ability to flow and conform to the shapes of their containers; liquids and gases; can exert perpendicular forces
- 2Solidsretain their shape and do not flow
- 3Densityp = m / V
- 4PressureP = F / A; exerted by a fluid on walls of a container and on objects placed in the fluid; has magnitude, but no direction; the pressure exerted on the walls of a container will always be perpendicular to the container walls
- 5Absolute Pressurethe sum of ALL pressures; the pressure of the fluid itself and atmospheric pressure; Pabs = P0 + pgz
***z is the depth - 6Gauge Pressuredifference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure; Pguage = Pabs - Patm; when ambient/incident pressure is the same, pgauge = pgz
- 7Specific GravitySG = p / 1 g/cm^3
- 8Weight of a volume of liquidFg = pVg
- 9Pressure Conversions1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mmHg = 1.013 x 10^5 Pa
- 10Pascal's Principlestates that a pressure applied to an incompressible fluid will be distributed undiminished throughout the entire volume of the fluid; P = F1/A2 = F2/A2
- 11Hydraulic Machinesgenerates mechanical advantage using Pascal's principle
- 12Archimedes' principlewhen an object is placed in a fluid, the fluid generates a buoyant force against the object that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object
- 13Buoyant Forcealways opposite the direction of gravity; if the buoyant force is less than the force due to gravity, the object will float; opposite is also true; Fbuoy = (pfluid)(Vfluiddisplaced)(g) = (pfluid)(Vsubmerged)(g)
- 14Cohesion vs Adhesioncohesion: the attraction between like molecules; gives rise to surface tension
adhesion: the attraction between different molecules - 15Viscositythe resistance of a fluid to flow; viscous drag is a nonconservative force generated by viscosity
- 16Laminar vs Turbulent Flowlaminar: smooth and orderly
turbulent: rough and disorderly - 17Poiseuille's lawQ = pir^4deltaP/8nL
n is the viscosity; Q is the flow rate - 18Critical Speed of a FluidVc = Nr x n / pD
where D is the diameter and Nr is the Reynold's constant - 19Continuity EquationQ = v1A1 = v2A2
- 20Bernoulli's Equationconservation of energy; the sum of static and dynamic pressures will be constant;
P1 + 1/2pv1^2 + pgh1 = P2 + 1/2pv2^2 + pgh2 - 21The circulatory system is a closed-loopthere is a nonconstant flow rate which can be measured as a pulse
- 22Respiratory System's pressure gradientduring inspiration, there is a negative pressure gradient that allows air to move into the lungs; during expiration, there is a positive pressure gradient that forces air out of the lungs; when air reaches the alveoli, it essentially has zero speed
- 23Arterial and Venous CirculationArterial: motivated by the heart
Venous: three times the volume of arterial; motivated by skeletal musculature and expansion of the heart
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on MCAT Fluids, created by Saige Boris on 09/08/2020.
- Created by
- Saige Boris
- Views
- 0
- Rating