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Description
Flashcards by Usman Rauf, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by blairzy123
about 9 years ago
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Copied by Usman Rauf
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How many different bases does DNA have? | 4- Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thymine |
| Which bases tend to pair together? | A - T C - G |
| What is a gene? | a section of DNA containing the instructions for one particular protein |
| What are proteins made of? | chains of amino acids |
| Describe how the order of bases in a gene determine the protein that is made | Each set of triplets (three consecutive bases) code for one specific amino acid |
| Where in the cell are genes found? | In the nucleus |
| Where in the cell are proteins made? | organelles in the cytoplasm called ribosomes |
| What is messenger RNA used for? | It creates a copy of the bases within the nucleus It then takes them out to the ribosomes where it makes a protein |
| During cell growth does the number of chromosomes double or half? | Firstly, they duplicate so that there are two genetically identical parts to them Then they half or split apart as the cell splits |
| Mitosis or Meiosis?: It's purpose is to provide new cells for growth and repair | Mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis?: It's purpose is to create gametes (sex cells) | Meiosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis?: The cells produced are genetically identical | Mitosis |
| Mitosis or Meiosis?: The cells produced contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell | Meiosis |
| What's the name of the cell produced when two gametes combine? | A zygote |
| In a human embryo, all cells are undifferentiated until what stage? | the eight cell stage |
| How are stem cells in an embryo different to those in an adult? | Embryonic stem cells are more versatile and can turn into any type of cell (whereas adult cells can't as easily) |
| What determines the type of cell a stem cell becomes? | When specialising certain genes 'switch off' -the genes that are active determine the type of cell a stem cell specialises into |
| Describe how cloning could be used to make embryonic stem cells. | A nucleus from a body cell is inserted into an empty egg cell Under the right conditions, the genes in the nucleus can be reactivated and produce stem cells |
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