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Flashcards

Microbiology Final

K. Wadley English 181 cards

Cards in this deck (181)

  1. 1Tool used to count bacteriaSpectrophotometer
  2. 2Anything foreignAntigen
  3. 3Hydrophobic subunit of phospholipid bilayerFatty Acid
  4. 4Short, hollow protein tubes that promote bacterial attachmentFimbriae
  5. 5Long, hollow protein tubes that transfer plasmid from one cell to anotherPilus
  6. 6Extra DNAplasmid
  7. 7Gram bacteria with 4 rings on its baal bodyGram negative
  8. 8Gram bacteria with 2 rings on its basal bodyGram positive
  9. 9Space outside membrane where enzymes are embeddedPeriplasmic space
  10. 10Color of gram negative bacteriaPink
  11. 11Color of gram positive bacteriaPurple
  12. 12Subunits of peptidoglycanPeptide chains, N-acetylglucossamine, and N-acetylmuramic acid
  13. 13Scientist who disproved spontaneous generationPasteur
  14. 14Type of microscopy where sample is coated with gold before viewingScanning Electron Microscopy
  15. 15Technique used to isolate bacteria into pure culture from a mixed cultureStreak plate
  16. 16Bacteria that contains 2 phospholipid bilayersGram negative bacteria
  17. 17Firm, non-watery bacterial glycocalyxCapsule
  18. 18watery bacterial glycocalyxSlim layer
  19. 19Scientist that developed Koch's postulatesRobert Koch
  20. 20Scientist who found a link between peptic ulcers and the bacterium Helicobacter pyloriMarshall
  21. 21Molecule present in the cell walls of Gram negative bacteriaLipopolysacchride
  22. 22Scientist that developed the simple microscope and studied animalculesVan Leeuwenhoek
  23. 23Shapes of bacterial cells includeCoccus, Bacillus, and Spirillium
  24. 24Sub-cellular structures that are the site of protein synthesisRibosomes
  25. 25Molecules found in bacterial endosporesCalcium Dipicolinate
  26. 26Molecule present in the cell walls of Gram positive bacteriaLipoteichio Acid
  27. 27Microscope property determining whether 2 close objects are viewed as separatedResolution
  28. 28Secondary StainSafranin
  29. 29Genera that produce endosporesClostridium and Bacillus
  30. 30Function of Calcium DipicolinateStabilize DNA
  31. 31Bacterial cell that undergoes binary fissionVegetative Bacterial cell
  32. 32# of ATP molecules produced by aerobic bacteria38 ATP
  33. 33Molecules that transport amino acid to site of protein synthesistRNA
  34. 34Cause of peptic ulcersBacterial infection
  35. 35Physician that found cause of hi high maternal mortality after childbirthSemmelweise
  36. 36Group responsible for highest maternal mortality rateExperienced physicians
  37. 37Bacterial walls are composed of thisPeptidoglycan
  38. 38Molecule in Gram positive bacteria that can activate immune systemLipoteichoic acid
  39. 39Primary stainCrystal Violet
  40. 40Eye piece magnification multiplied by objective magnificationTotal magnification
  41. 41Microscopy with highest resolutionElectron Microscopy
  42. 42How to increase resolutionIllumination with shorter wavelength
  43. 43Composition of phosphate headsPhosphate and glycerol
  44. 44Composition of phospholipid bilayerPhosphate heads and fatty acid tails
  45. 45Ability of some bacteria to alter shape and size in response to environmental conditionsPleomorphic
  46. 46Subunit of phospholipid bilayer that is hydrophilic and polarPhosphate head
  47. 47Subunit of phospholipid bilayer that is hydrophobic and non-polarFatty acid tail
  48. 48Fetus receiving IgG from motherNatural Passive Immunity
  49. 49Newborn receiving IgG and IgA via breastfeedingNatural Passive Immunity
  50. 50Immunity that provides temporary protectionArtificial Passive Immunity
  51. 51Immunity involving Anamnestic responseNatural Active Immunity
  52. 52Shot that protects against Hepatitis AGamma globulin shot
  53. 53Passing IgG from immune person to exposed person via shotArtificial Passive Immunity
  54. 54Vaccination is an example of this type of immunityArtificial Active Immunity
  55. 55Immunity that takes a synthetic or defective antigen manufactured to bind to an antibody on a B cellArtificial Active Immunity
  56. 56CytosinePyrimidine
  57. 57ThyminePyrimidine
  58. 58AdeninePurine
  59. 59GuaninePurine
  60. 60Complementary nitrogen base for adenine during synthesis of mRNAUracil
  61. 61True or False: sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA determines sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNATrue
  62. 62True or False: Nitrogen base binds to 1st carbon atom on deoxyribose sugarTrue
  63. 63Classification of BacteriaProkaryotic
  64. 64Protein channels changing location in the membraneProperty of fluid mosaic model
  65. 65Fatty acid components of membrane orient away from water in the cytoplasm and environmentProperty of Fluid Mosaic Model
  66. 66Size of bacterial ribosomes70 S
  67. 67Scientist who developed steps to identifying the etiological agent of a diseaseRobert Koch
  68. 68Bacteria that grow in cold temperaturesPsychrophiles
  69. 69Bacteria that grow in high temperaturesThermophiles
  70. 70Bacteria that grow in middle temperaturesMesophiles
  71. 71Term used to describe bacterial growth in liquid brothTurbid
  72. 72Scientist known as the "Father of Microbiology"Van Leeuwenhoek
  73. 73Bacteria that contain 1 flagellumMonotrichous
  74. 74Bacteria that contain more than 1 flagellumPeritrichous
  75. 75Bacteria that grow at a pH below 7Acidophile
  76. 76Bacteria that grow at a pH of 7Neutrophiles
  77. 77Bacteria that grow at a pH above 7Alkalinophile
  78. 78Most bacteria grow at this pHNeutrophile
  79. 79The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membraneOsmosis
  80. 80Water exits the cell when placed in this solutionHypertonic
  81. 81Water enters the cell when placed in this solutionHypotonic
  82. 82Bacteria that require oxygen to growAerobic
  83. 83Final electron acceptor in aerobic bacteriaOxygen
  84. 84Bacteria that die if oxygen is presentAnaerobic bacteria
  85. 85Bacteria that undergo glycolysis and fermentationAnaerobic Bacteria
  86. 86# of ATP produced during fermentation2
  87. 87Final electron acceptor in anaerobic bacteriaPyruvate
  88. 88Pathway used by facultative anaerobes when oxygen is presentAerobic Pathway
  89. 89Pathway used by facultative anaerobes when oxygen is absentAnaerobic Pathway
  90. 90Bacteria that produce catalaseAerobes and Facultative Anaerobes
  91. 91Bacteria that produce Superoxide DismutaseAerobes, Facultative Anaerobes, and Microaerophiles
  92. 92Starting carbon molecule in GylcolysisGlucose
  93. 93# of carbon atoms at the beginning of Glycolysis6
  94. 94End product of Glycolysis2 Pyruvate and 3 carbons
  95. 95Products of Krebs Cycle6 carbon dioxide
  96. 96Final carbon in Anaerobic bacteriaAcid, alcohol, or organic molecules
  97. 97Antibiotics that target peptidoglycanCell Wall Inhibitors
  98. 98Antibiotics that target 70 S ribosomesProtein Synthesis Inhibitors
  99. 99Antibiotics that interfere with DNA or RNA synthesisNucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
  100. 100Antibiotics that inhibit synthesis of essential metabolitesStructural Analogs
  101. 101Nucleic Acid Inhibitor that causes orange secretionsRifamycin
  102. 102PenicillinAmoxicillin
  103. 103CephalosporinsCeclor & Keflex
  104. 104CarbepenemsImipenem & Primaxin
  105. 105Polypeptide AntibioticsVancomycin & Bacitracin
  106. 106Function of cell wall inhibitorsPrevent peptidoglycan cross linkage
  107. 107Antibiotics that prevent peptidoglycan cross linkagePenicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbepenems, & Polypeptide Antibiotics
  108. 108Carbapenem that can cause seizuresImipenem
  109. 109Antibiotics that interfere with NAG-NAM bondsBacitracin & Vancomycin
  110. 110Subunits of 70 S ribosomes30 S & 50 S
  111. 111Function of protein synthesis inhibitorsBind to 70 S ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis
  112. 112Protein Synthesis Inhibitor AntibioticsAminoglycosides, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Oxazolidonones, Chloramphenicol, & Streptogramins
  113. 113StreptograminSynercid
  114. 114OxazolidononesZyvox
  115. 115TetracyclineDoxycycline & Minocycline
  116. 116MacrolidesErythromycin & Azithromycin
  117. 117AminoglycosidesStreptomycin & Gentamycin
  118. 118Antibiotic that causes discoloration of developing teeth and bonesTetracycline
  119. 119Antibiotic used to treat MRSA infectionZyvox
  120. 120Antibiotic that can cause aplastic anemiaChloramphenicol
  121. 121Antibiotic used against vancomycin resistant bacteriaSynercid
  122. 122QuinolonesCipro & Levaquin
  123. 123Antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyraseQuinolones
  124. 124Antibiotics that can cause tendonitisQuinolones
  125. 125Antibiotic that can cross the blood-brain barrierRifamycin
  126. 126Nucleic Acid Inhibitor AntibioticsQuinolones & Rifamycin
  127. 127Antibiotic used to treat Urinary Tract and Ear InfectionsSeptra
  128. 128Structural Analog AntibioticSeptra
  129. 129Function of Structural Analog AntibioticsInhibit dihydofolate reductase
  130. 130Example of halotolerant bacteriaStaphylococcus
  131. 131Bacterial DNA transferred from one bacterium to another via bacteriophageTransduction
  132. 132Unidirectional transfer of plasmid via pilusConjugation
  133. 133Dead bacteria release DNA and small fragments are absorbed by other bacteriaTransformation
  134. 134Change in nitrogen base sequence of DNAMutation
  135. 135Heat that denatures proteinsMoist Heat
  136. 136Heat used to kill pathogens in foodPasteurization
  137. 137Conditions for sterilization in an autoclave121 degrees C
    15 P.S.I.
    20 minutes
  138. 138Heat used to cause oxidationDry Heat
  139. 139Complete burning to dispose of contaminated itemsIncineration
  140. 140Type of dry heat to sterilize glassware and surgical instrumentsHot-air Sterilization
  141. 141Conditions for Hot-air sterilization170 degrees C
    2 hours
  142. 142Radiation that kills some bacteriaNon-ionizing Radiation
  143. 143Type of Non-ionizing radiationUV Rays
  144. 144Type of Ionizing RadiationX Rays
  145. 145Radiation that kills all bacteria and destroys DNAIonizing Radiation
  146. 146Radiation that does not pass through leadX Rays
  147. 147Radiation used to sterilize medial suppliesIonizing Radiation
  148. 148Transforming FactorDNA
  149. 149Scientist who discovered adenine equals thymine and cytosine equals guanineChargaff
  150. 150Scientist who experimented with Streptococcus pneumoniaeGriffith
  151. 151Hereditary MaterialDNA
  152. 152Subunits of DNADeoxyribose Sugar
    Phosphate Group
    Nitrogen Base
  153. 153Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxideCatalase
  154. 154Nitrogen BasesAdenine
    Thymine
    Cytosine
    Guanine
  155. 155Term for subunits of DNANucleotides
  156. 156Scientist whose crystallographes provide clues about structure of DNAFranklin
  157. 157Scientist who proposed 3-D structure of DNA double helixWatson & Crick
  158. 158Scientist that proposed triple helix structureLinus Pauling
  159. 159Sugar in RNARibose
  160. 160First step of TranslationmRNA travels to ribosome
  161. 1612nd step of Translationanticodon on tRNA binds to mRNA
  162. 1623rd step of Translation2nd tRNA binds to mRNA
  163. 1634th step of TranslationPeptide bond forms between amino acids
  164. 1645th step of Translation1st tRNA goes to cytoplasm to get another amino acid
  165. 165End of TranslationStop codon occurs and amino acid chain is released
  166. 166DNA is used to synthesized a mRNA moleculeTranscription
  167. 167tRNA transports amino acids to ribosome to translate code to make proteinsTranslation
  168. 168Size of viruses20nm - 450 nm
  169. 169Core of a virusDNA or RNA
  170. 170Composed of capsomeresCapsid
  171. 171Structure of a virusCapsid
    Core
    Envelope
  172. 172Viruses that infect bacteriaBacteriophage
  173. 173Steps of the Lytic CycleAdsorption
    Penetration
    Uncoating
    Biosynthesis
    Maturation
    Release
  174. 174Stage of Lytic Cycle that does not occur in bacteriophagesUncoating
  175. 175Viral Components assembled into virions at this stage in the Lytic CycleMaturation
  176. 176Methods for growing virusesCell Culture
    Lab animals
    Embryonated Eggs
  177. 177Clear areas in cell culturesPlaque
  178. 178Infected host cells fuse with adjacent cells to produce larger cellsSyncytia
  179. 179Virus infecting host cell without causing lysisLysogeny
  180. 180Stages of LysogenyAdsorption
    Penetration
    Insert Viral DNA
    Binary Fission
    Release
  181. 181Lateral transfer of genetic informationTransduction

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Flashcards on Microbiology Final, created by K. Wadley on 27/04/2015.
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K. Wadley
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