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Flashcards by ctribble0419, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ctribble0419
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | An addition or change to the Constitution |
| Assimilate | To use as one's own |
| Bias | Favoring one person, group or action over other without knowing all the information, or while holding a grudge or without reason |
| Bicameral | Having two houses within the legislative branch |
| Blockade | The blocking of incoming/outgoing supplies and support |
| Boomtown | A town that grew really fast due to the sudden abundance of resources |
| Capitalism | When the financial operations are mainly run by companies and businesses, not the government or the states |
| Captain of Industry | Men who, during the Gilded Age, made a fortune by using their skills and hard work and also used their skills to help others and build the economy |
| Checks and Balances | Restrictions placed on all the branches of government to balance out their power |
| Congress | Part of the Legislative Branch that includes the Senate and the House of Representatives |
| Due Process of Law | To protect the citizens from unfair judgement or prejudice while being tried |
| Economics | Producers, consumers of products, distributers, and the overall managing of goods and services |
| Emancipated | To free |
| Enfranchise | To give the right to vote to |
| Enumerated | To list (to be listed) |
| Federalism | A government where power is separated between states and national governments |
| Forty-Niners | The people who went to California to look for gold in 1849 |
| Free Enterprise | Where private businesses are allowed to be ran without much government interference |
| Habeas Corpus | When one accused of wrongdoing cannot be put in jail without a proper trail |
| Industry | The manufacturing of good from raw materials in factories |
| Judicial | The judges and court systems that enforce the laws and judge whether or not the laws have been broken and, if so, what the punishment should be for breaking those laws |
| Ku Klux Klan | A terrorist group that was originally a political party. The members were white-supremisists and targets black-rights advocates. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that Americans were meant to spread out westward across America |
| Martyr | A person who has, or is willing to, die for a religious cause |
| Monopoly | When a business or company has total control over the prices of certain products, and there is nothing the costumers can do |
| Nomadic | Almost constantly moving from place to place |
| Override | To control the outcome of the final decision by overruling the previous decision |
| Popular Sovereignty | The people have the power to make decisions about who is in the government (aka: rule by the people) |
| Ratify | To make official by receiving approval from political powers (aka: Congress, the president, etc.). Usually this is done by the signing of some sort of document. |
| Radical | A person who believes and carries out an extreme form of action for their religion, or other major principle |
| Republicanism | Where the states are representatives of the people who live there (popular sovereignty) rather than being “ruled” by the state officials |
| Robber Baron | A man who owned a business during the Gilded Age that was infamous for his cruelty, terrible working conditions, and unfair treatment towards his employees |
| Rural | The area outside of the city or major town (aka: country) |
| Separation of Powers | The creating and balancing of the three branches of government to make sure that no one has more power than the other |
| Social Darwinism | Natural selection in the aspect of business. Employers hire more for who their workers know, not what they know. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote |
| Supreme Court | The highest of all courts where the justices are elected by the president and approved by Congress. It does the same job as the lower courts, but handles more popular/extreme cases. |
| Tariff | A list of charges, customs, or customs on goods coming in or out of states, cities, or the country |
| Taxation Without Representation | The people as a group, must be represented where the decision on the taxes was made, or else they shouldn’t apply to them |
| Trade Union | The people who got together to try to induce a change in their working conditions, salary, or other work-related things that they are not happy with, as employees |
| Urban | Relating to the city or major town and the people who live in it |
| Veto | The power to cancel out the decisions that another branch has made |
| Thomas Jefferson | He was a founding father, partial writer of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president of the US |
| Andrew Johnson | He became the 17th president after Lincoln’s assassination, was a white-supremisist, the first president to be impeached, and was a strong opposer toward black-rights. |
| Sacagawea | A Native American woman who traveled with Lewis and Clark as a guide and interpreter during their exploration of the US. |
| James Polk | The 11th president of the US, later a Tennessee representative, known as the first “dark horse”, and considered the last strong president before the Civil War. |
| Frederick Douglass | An African American abolitionist that escaped from slavery, wrote the “North Star”, and was a very strong supporter of equality. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | An abolitionist, woman’s suffragist, and author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. |
| John Brown | Was considered both an extremist and a martyr. Believed in equal rights and was the “leader” of the raid on Harper’s Ferry. |
| Robert E. Lee | An impressive Confederate General whose surrender is known as the true ending to the Civil War, as his forces made up a large part of the Confederate Army. |
| Andrew Jackson | The 7th president of the US and was most famous for winning the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. |
| Susan B. Anthony | A woman’s suffragist, abolitionist, and friends with Elizabeth Caddy Stanton. |
| Sitting Bull | A Native American tribal leader well known for defeating General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn. Was later killed during his attempted arrest. |
| George Custer | A calvary commander during the Civil War and the American Indian Wars. He and his troops were defeated in the Battle of Little Bighorn by Sitting Bull and other Native Americans; known as “Custer’s Last Stand”. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | A business man who struck it rich during the Gilded Age by owning/buying out most of the railroad and shipping companies in the industry. Built Vanderbilt University with some of his fortune. |
| John Rockefeller | Supposedly the richest man in US history. Made his fortune off of the oil industry and was known for both his philanthropy and his belief in social Darwinism. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Made his fortune off of his revolutionary way of refining steel. Known for donating lots of money to go towards education and building schools and teaching facilities (ex: Carnegie Melon University). |
| Jamestown | In Virginia, this was the first permanent settlement for the British colonists, though many died there due to their unpreparedness for the new world. Established in 1607 |
| Plymouth | The second major colony in America which is famous for both Plymouth Rock and the first Thanksgiving. It was established in Massachusetts in 1620, and was home to many fleeing from religious persecution, so its government was highly religious as well. |
| Lexington and Concord | Where the first battles of the American Revolutionary War took place. These were cities in Massachusetts. These battles sparked the conflict between Great Britain and the American colonists. |
| Erie Canal | A man made “river” to connect Lake Erie and the Hudson referred to as “Clinton’s Big Ditch” after the man who helped build most of the canal. Worked on from 1817-1825 but proposed in 1808. |
| The Alamo | After 13 days of “a siege”, General Antonio López de Santa Anna launched an attack on the Alamo Mission (current day San Antonio, Texas). All the Texans defending the mission were killed. |
| Harper’s Ferry | A raid by John Brown occurred here. He had hoped to capture all the arms that were held there, and fight for the freedom of blacks. This occurred from October 16-18, 1859. |
| Fort Sumter | The very first shots fired in the Civil War. The Confederates “won” that “battle” that took place on April 12-13, 1861. The fort was in Charleston, West Virginia. |
| Gettysburg | The overall bloodiest battle in Us history. Between 46 and 51 thousand men died! The most famous commander that was there was General Robert Lee. After the battle, Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address speech honoring the fallen. |
| Appomattox | Where the courthouse stands that General Robert E. Lee surrendered in. This was the unofficial ending of the Civil War, as Lee’s forces were the most important to the Confederate’s army. |
| Ford’s Theater | Where the assassination of Lincoln took place. This is where John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln on April 14, 1865. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | The point where the ends of the two parts of the first Transcontinental Railroad met. This moment was historical due to the amount of time it took to build the railroad. The meeting took place in 1869. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | ( Ellis Island is near New York!! I couldn’t find a map with both) The two major places where immigrants from other continents came into the US. Ellis Island was near New York, and was for immigrants from Europe and maybe Africa, and Angel Island was near California and was for immigrants from Asia and India. |
| The Declaration of Independence | The document saying that the US was going to separate from Great Britain. It was a sort of break-up letter, and it said all of the things that the people leaving to go to America didn’t like about Britain. |
| Revolutionary War | This was the US’s war against Britain that lasted from 1775-1783. The Brittish were “upset” with the people of America because they left. It began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. |
| Articles of Confederation | The original version of the Constitution that failed due to its lack of branches and how it gave too much power to one branch and made only one national government. It was written in the late 1777s and “decommissioned” when the Constitution was written. |
| Great Compromise | There was debate on how many representatives a state should have in Congress, so they compromised and said that there shall be the Senate (2 votes per state) and the House (number of votes depends on population). This decision was reached in 1787 and originally called the Connecticut Plan/Compromise. |
| Passing of the Constitution | The Constitution was signed in 1787 in Philadelphia during the Constitutional Convention/ Ratification which lasted from 1787-1789. The Constitution gave rights to mostly the people, and made strict boundaries for the government, but also rules for the people. All of this was very reasonable. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | The Anti-Federalists wanted to make sure that the people were protected form the government, so in order for the Constitution to gain enough votes to pass, the Bill of Rights was added, giving the people the protection they wanted. |
| Louisiana Purchase | In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the entire Louisiana Territory (828,000 square miles of land) from France for $15 million. Known widely as one of the smartest purchases ever made in US history because of the little money that was spent for that amount of land! |
| Missouri Compromise | The agreement that Missouri was to be a slave state, Maine was to be made a free state, and that all the land in the Louisiana Territory above the latitude of 36°,30’ (excluding Missouri). This HELPED calm the populations about slavery and prevented the start of the Civil War. |
| Indian Removal Act (Trail of Tears) | On May 28, 1830, the act was passed allowing president Andrew Jackson to “negotiate” with the Native American tribes. The tribes were forced to assimilate to US culture and to move to federal territory west of the Mississippi River. As one key believe, this was a very upsetting time for the Natives. |
| Mexican-American War | The war between the people of Mexico and the US that lasted from 1846-1848, was started when James K. Polk began supporting westward expansion and discovered that the Mexicans had territory that would make America “better” and larger. It started as border fights, but after the Us won many battles, we gained about 1/3 of Mexico’s territory (what is now California, New Mexico, etc.). |
| California Gold Rush | From 1848-1855, the promise of gold brought around 300,000 people to California. After gold’s discovery on January 4, 1848 by James W. Marshal in California, the gold rush began. Even those who weren’t directly searching benefited if they had a business that sold items that miners needed! |
| Homestead Act | In May of 1862, the act was passed stating that anyone in America could claim 160 acres of land if they could start to put it towards a purpose. From this act came large land races and sooners (who went to sites early and basically charted their way to owning land). |
| Industrial Revolution | The Revolution was the time in out history in which Americans went from mainly farming and doing things by hand or with simple machines, to large factories and railroads. This helped spread populations even more, and made almost all goods easier to make and buy, which boosted our economy. |
| Underground Railroad | This was a system of paths and safe houses that slaves would travel and stay at when they would try to get to the North and, later, Canada. The people who would lead the slaves were called conductors and one of the most famous was Harriet Tubman. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | This was the first woman’s rights convention. It was hosted in Seneca Falls, New York and lasted from July 19-20, 1848. Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Caddy Stanton, more than 200 women attended. At the time of the convention, the"Declaration of Sentiments and Grievances” was presented and later signed by many famous abolitionists and suffragists. |
| Compromise of 1850 | This act made California a free state, allowed popular sovereignty to determine whether New Mexico and Utah were salve or free states, and ended the slave-trade in D.C. |
| Kansas-Nebrask Act | Passed in 1854 that made it so all new state’s standing as free or slave was decided by popular sovereignty, and it repealed the Missouri Compromise. After this bill, a series of conflicts arose, leading to the Civil War. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | On March 6, 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that a slave who had run-away (Dred Scott) and went to a free state where slavery was illegal, was not a freeman, and therefore had no rights. This showed that the government was saying, almost directly, that slaves couldn’t be citizens! |
| Fugitive Slave Act | This made it legal for Southern slave owners to go to the North and legally catch their slave that had ran away. This made it so that no slave was safe in America, and often, it was claimed that an African American who was free was a slave, just so some man could gain another slave! The act was passed in 1793 and later added to in 1850. |
| Bleeding Kansas | When popular sovereignty was used to determine what type of state Kansas was, both pro- and anti-slavery supporters rushed to move to Kansas to be counted as part of the vote. Because two very different types of people were so close together, lists of fights and battles occurred, even the raid on Harper’s Ferry. |
| Civil War | The time period from 1776-1783 were the Northerners fought the Southerners for the rights of African Americans. The North wanted equal rights, and the South wanted slavery. The South broke off as it’s own country, the Confederacy. The first battle was Fort Sumter, the last near Appomattox, and the overall worst at Gettysburg. The ending of the war was unofficially at the courthouse at Appomattox. |
| Emancipation Proclimation | The act that stated that all slaves in states of rebellion against the US were free, but not the ones in the border states. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | Many rich men paid off their draft, and made it where that didn’t have to go to war, where as the poorer people had to fight and maybe die for their country. This made many people upset, so from July 13-16, 1863, many fights were common during drafting weeks. |
| Gettysburg Address | One of the most famous speeches of all time was made by Abraham Lincoln after the battle of Gettysburg. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln made a speech to honor all the fallen during the battle, and it greatly boosted the moral of the soldiers and gave them a reason to fight. |
| Reconstruction | This was the time period after the Civil war in which the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were passed and equal rights was a goal for many. President Andrew Johnson pretty much ruined all that Lincoln worked for, though. He was a white supremacist that still treated black unfairly. During Reconstruction, the KKK were founded, making lives hard for blacks. Reconstruction was officially ended by Rutherford B. Hayes in 1877 after making a promise that gave him his presidency. |
| Civil War Amendments | 13th- abolished slavery forever (January 31, 1865) 14th- granted African Americans citizenship (July 9, 1868) 15th- gave African Americans the right to vote (February 3, 1870) |
| Completion of Transcontinental Railroad | At Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869, a golden stake was driven into the tracks, marking the finish of a long “journey” that took many years to complete. The joining of the two ends of the railroad marked a new age in which shipping would become easier and more efficient. |
| Indian Wars | These wars started when the settlers arrived on the new world’s coast, and ended around 1890. Some major figures included Sitting Bull, Geronimo, Red Cloud, Chief Joseph, and Crazy Horse. The Indians were not happy when American settlers made them assimilate to our culture, so they fought back. One of the more famous battle was Custer’s Last Stand, where Sitting Bull’s forces beat Custer’s terribly. |
| Gilded Age | A period of time in American history were our economy grew immensely. |
| Populist Party | A political party formed in 1892 in Kansas, that was meant to recognized the every-day people of America and our farmers and go against the rich and powerful business owners. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | When the Supreme Court ruled in 1896 that racial segregation was legal under the saying “Separate but equal”. The Supreme Court ruled that it was up to the states to decide whether or not to use racial segregation. |
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