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| Question | Answer |
| Parsons 1955 | Instrumental and expressive roles |
| MOP: Young and Willmott 1962 | w/c families = segregated conjugal roles. Men = breadwinners, women = housewives |
| Young and Willmott 1973 | Symmetrical family - and the New Man |
| Reasons for the rise in the symmetrical family: | Higher living standards, labour-saving devices,better housing, smaller families, and women working. |
| Ann Oakley 1974 | The housewife role - result of industrialisation and is socially constructed |
| Oakley vs Young and Willmott | They exaggerate the men's role. The husbands 'helped' but there wasn't an equal split |
| Ferri and Smith 1996 | Under 4% of fathers were main childcarer, so women working had little impact |
| Morris 1990 | Men suffer a crisis of masculinity if not breadwinner, so resist feminine role. Wives do housework even if they work and husband doesn't. |
| Duncombe and Marsden 1995 | Triple Shift - emotion work + paid work + domestic labour = women's role |
| Heterosexual relationships = patriarchal and unequal | Radical feminist belief. |
| Dunne 1999 | 37 lesbian couples with kids, found more equal DOL |
| Dunne - Gender Scripts | Heterosexuals socialised into gender scripts setting out masculine and feminine roles and gender identities. Lesbian DOL open to negotiation. |
| Pahl and Vogler 1993 | Allowance system = men work, give wives an allowance to budget to meet family's needs Pooling = partners work, joint responsibility for spending |
| Edgell 1980 - Decision Making | Very important (finances, housing) = man Important = both Unimportant (food) = woman |
| Explanations for decision making inequality... | Economic - men have power as they earn more, women economically dependent Patriarchal socialisation - gender role socialisation in patriarchal society makes men the decision makers |
| Radical Feminist view on DV | Men oppress women - through family, threat of DV allows men to control women Male dominated state - police and courts fail to take DV seriously |
| Dobash and Dobash | DV triggered when husbands authority challenged. Marriage legitimates violence by giving men power. |
| Wilkinson 1996 | Patterns result of stress on family caused by social inequality. Lacking resources = stress = increased risk of violence |
| Childhood = social construction | It varies between societies, within societies and historically. |
| Gittins 1998 | Kids kept subordinate. Adults exercise control over kid's time, space and bodies. Leads to physical, sexual or emotional abuse - over 30000 kids on child protection register. |
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