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| Question | Answer |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles of gas, solvent or solute, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution, through a partially permeable membrane. |
| Photosynthesis | Is a process by which plants transform light energy from the sun into chemical energy of food. |
| Respiration | Any of various chemical reactions that releases energy from food molecules and occur in living things. |
| Solvent | A usually liquid substance capable of dissolving one or more substances. |
| Solute | A substance which dissolves in a solute to form a solution. |
| Vascular Bundle | A narrow collection of tubes. |
| Xylem | A tissues of higher plants that carry water and dissolved materials upward, functions also in support and storage lies deeper than the phloem and usually makes up the woody part. |
| Phloem | A tissue of higher plants that contains tubes serving to carry dissolved food materials and that lies mostly outside the cambium. |
| Stomata (Stoma) | A small opening which is surrounded by two guard cells and through which moisture and gases pass in and out of the epidermis. |
| Transpiration | The process by which green plants give off water vapour through the stomata in their leaves. |
| Epidermis Of Leaf | A thin surface layer of protecting cells in seed plants and ferns. |
| Transpiration Stream | The flow of water through a plant, from the roots to the leaves, via the xylem vessels. |
| Guard Cells | Each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells. |
| Mesophyll Cells | The inner tissue of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts. |
| Palisade Layer | A layer of parallel elongated cells below the epidermis of a leaf. |
| What needs to be transported? | - Water : Is needed as a solvent, support. - Minerals : Are needed for healthy growth and raw materials. - Dissolved Food : Is needed for energy and raw materials. |
| Factors Affecting Rate Of Transpiration | Humidity : If air contains a lot of water vapour, it can't accept more from transpiration. Temperature : Warm air holds more water than cold, so more water can evaporate at higher temperatures. Water Supply : The rate of water loss from a plant is affected by the water available to the plant. If there is no water around the roots, there is none left to replace water lost by transpiration. |
| Plant Structure: Waxy Cuticle | To protect the leaf without blocking out light. |
| Plant Structure: Upper & Lower Epidermis | To allow more light to reach the palisade cells. |
| Plant Structure: Palisade Cell | To absorb more light, to absorb all available light. |
| Plant Structure: Spongy Cells | Airspaces allow CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) to diffuse through the leaf, and increase the surface area. |
| Plant Structure: Stomata | Allows CO2 to diffuse into the leaf. |
| Roots | Types of roots: Tap Roots - Go straight down Branching Roots - branch out like a tree. Function : - Absorption of minerals and water - To anchor the plant - Holds soil together and prevents erosion. |
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