Flashcards
AP Environmental Science Review
Cards in this deck (52)
- 1High quality energyorganized and concentrated, able to perform useful work (ex: oil and nuclear)
- 2Low quality energydisorganized dispersed (ex: heat)
- 3Units of energyjoules, calories, kilocalories, BTU’s, kilowatt-hours
- 4Estimate of how long a radioisotope must be stored until it has decayed to a safe level10 half lives
- 5Parts of hydrologic (water) cycleevaporation (transpiration), condensation, precipitation
- 6Carbon-silicate cyclevery slow, geological cycle, C in oceans used by marine organisms, end up in ocean sediments and are subducted into Earth’s crust, eventually returned through volcanic venting
- 7Nitrificationammonia is converted to nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3)
- 8Assimilationplants incorporate ammonia and nitrate ions into organic molecules (nucleic acids, amino acids)
- 9Ammonificationdecomposer bacteria break down organic compounds into ammonia
- 10Denitrificationspecialized bacteria convert nitrogen compounds into N2 and N2O which is released into the atmosphere
- 11Phosphorouscomponent of nucleic acids
- 12P cycles more slowlyno gaseous phase, mostly found in rocks as PO4, released by weathering
- 13Pmajor limiting factor for plant growth
- 14Too much P in aquatic ecosystemsfrom animal wastes, fertilizers, sewage can cause eutrophication
- 15Major macronutrients Micronutrients and trace elementsCHNOPS
needed in small amounts - 16Plate tectonicsEarth’s crust is broken into plates which move relative to each other, movement caused by convection currents dissipating Earth’s internal heat
- 17Volcanoes and earthquakes occur at...plate boundaries
- 18Divergent plate boundariessea floor spreading, new crust generated, mid ocean ridges
- 19Convergent plate boundariesoceanic plate subducts under ocean or continental plates, causes volcanoes and trenches. Continental plates produce mountains
- 20Transform boundariesplates slide past each other, causes earthquakes
- 21Rock cyclerelationship of rocks and rock formation processes
- 22Rock types according to originigneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
- 23Mineralsare not renewable
- 24Oreconcentration of mineral is high enough so that it is profitable to mine
- 25Mineral reserveidentified deposits, profitable to mine
- 26Surface miningstrip mining, cheaper, less dangerous to miners. Problems: toxic runoff, acid drainage
- 27Soil texturesize of soil particles; sand, silt, clay
- 28Humusorganic material in soil
- 29Leachingremoval of dissolved materials by water moving through
- 30Permeabilityability to transmit water
- 31Porosityability to hold water
- 32Solution to soil problemscontour plowing, crop rotation, conservation tillage, organic fertilizers
- 33Troposphere0-17 km above Earth’s surface, site of weather, organisms, most water vapor
- 34Stratosphere17-48 km above surface, contains ozone layer
- 35Composition of Earth’s atmosphere78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% argon, 0.0035% CO2
- 36Weatherdaily atmospheric conditions (temp and precip), Climate long term atmospheric conditions
- 37Global circulation patternscaused by uneven heating of Earth’s surface and Earth’s rotation
- 38ENSOEl Niño Southern Oscillation; see-sawing of air pressure over Southern Pacific
- 39Greenhouse gases(GHG) water vapor, CO2, methane, CH4, CFC’s; trap outgoing infrared radiation (heat), causing Earth to warm
- 40Effects of global warmingrising sea level, droughts, disruptions of ecosystems, shifts in vegetation
- 41Ozone depletioncaused by: CFC’s, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), halons, methyl bromide all break down stratospheric ozone
- 42Effects of ozone depletionincreased UV radiation reaches Earth’s surface; causes increased skin cancer, cataracts, decreased plant growth and marine productivity
- 43Stratospheric ozone layerapproximately 20-30 km above the Earth’s surface (12-18miles)
- 44Biotic/abioticliving and nonliving
- 45Producer/autotrophorganisms that CAN make their own food
- 46Consumer/heterotrophorganisms that CANNOT make their own food
- 47Major trophic levelsproducers-primary consumers-secondary consumers-tertiary consumers-etc.
- 48Energy flow in food webssolar energy converted to chemical energy, eventually returned as hear
- 49Energy flow in food websonly 10% transferred to next trophic level
- 50Mutualisminteraction between 2 species in which both species benefit
- 51Parasitismrelationship in which one partner obtains nutrients at the expense of the host
- 52Commensalismone partner benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefited
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- Flashcards on AP Environmental Science Review, created by agrund3999303 on 11/10/2013.
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