271859
Description
Flashcards by Elysia Morrison, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Elysia Morrison
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the genetic material arranged in, in the nucleus? | Chromosomes. |
| How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell nucleus? | 23 pairs. |
| What is a chromosome? | A long molecule of DNA. |
| What is a gene? | A short length of a chromosome. |
| What do genes control? | Development of characteristics. |
| What are different versions of the same gene called? | An allele. |
| What is a gene, and what does it do? | It is a code for making a certain protein. |
| What are structural proteins? | Part of things like skin, hair and blood. |
| What are functional proteins? | Things like enzymes that aid digestion. |
| What is an organism's genotype? | All the genes it has. |
| What are the characteristics an organism displays called? | Its phenotype. |
| How many chromosomes do a sex cell contain? | 23 SINGLE chromosomes. |
| What are the two types of alleles? | Dominant and recessive. |
| How can you work out a genetic cross? | By using a Punnett Square. |
| What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes labelled? | XY. |
| What do the 23rd pair of chromosomes decide? | Whether you turn out male or female. |
| What does the Y chromosomes cause? | Male characteristics. |
| What chromosomes do you need to be female? | XX. |
| What does the Y chromosome have in it? | A protein that produces the development of testes. |
| How are genetic disorders inherited? | When one or both parents pass on a faulty allele. |
| Generally, what allele causes disorders? | Recessive. |
| What is a carrier? | Someone who carries one copy of the faulty allele, and won't show the symptoms. |
| What allele is Cystic Fibrosis caused by? | Recessive. |
| What allele is Huntington's caused by? | Dominant. |
| Why is there issues with genetic testing? | It's controversial and has questionable ethics, not 100% accurate. |
| What is sexual reproduction? | Reproducing offspring that are genetically different. |
| What is asexual reproduction? | Forming clones of the parent. |
| What are stem cells? | Cells that become other types of cells, not specialised. |
| What can stem cells be used for? | Treating a variety of diseases. |
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