2816598
Description
Flashcards by Amanda Walsh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Amanda Walsh
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Isotopes | atoms of an element having the same atomic number but different mass number (differ in number of neutrons) chemically similar |
| Ionic Bonds | Cations and Anions |
| Covalent Bonds | Strongest Bond; single, double, and triple bonds H2, O2, N2 |
| Hydrogen Bonds | formed by electrical attraction between H atoms carrying a slight positive charge and another atom carrying a slight negative charge. Weak bonds. Maintain the shape of large molecules (proteins, DNA) |
| Endergonic Reactions | require energy, anabolic absorbs energy (if the energy is heat energy, the reaction is called endothermic) A + energy--> B + C |
| Exergonic Reactions | Release Energy, Catabolic looses energy as heat, light or sound (if energy is heat energy, the reaction is called exothermic) A + B --> C + energy |
| Rate of Reactions: Temperature | higher temperature means a greater velocity of particles means more collisions means greater rate of reaction (greater amount of product generated per unit of time) |
| Rate of Reactions: Concentration | greater particles means greater number of particles means more collisions means greater rate of reaction (greater amount of product generated per unit of time) |
| Rate of Reaction: Surface Energy | greater number of particles means more collisions means greater rate of reaction (greater amount of product generated per unit of time) |
| Rate of Reactions: Catalyst | substance that increases the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy without itself being changed chemically in the reaction the catalysts in the body are called enzymes |
| Chemical Equilibrium: Changes in energy (heat) | increase in temp-->increased rate of energy requiring reaction (reverse, endothermic) decrease in temp-->increased rate of energy releasing reaction (forward, exothermic) |
| Mixtures: Solutions | mixture of a solute (soluble material) into a solvent (dissolving medium); small solute particles; pass through cell membranes; clear, transparent; do not settle |
| Mixtures: Colloids | larger than solution particles (size dispersed in water); mixtures with particles too large to be a true solution, but small enough not to settle; particles too large to pass through cell membranes; cloudy, milky, translucent |
| Mixtures: Suspensions | have larger solute particles that will settle when gravity becomes effective force (not stable transparent); particles are too large to pass through a cell membrane; opaque appearance; i.e. clay or sand in water, blood cells in plasma |
| Saturated | solution containing max amount of solute for a given solvent at a constant temp and pressure; incapable of dissolving more solute (completely filled with solute) |
| Unsaturated | solution to which more solute can be added; contain less solute than the saturated one at constant temp and pressure (can dissolve more solute) |
| pH in Body Compartments | Blood= 7.35 to 7.45 Stomach= 2 (1.5 to 3.5) pancreatic juice= 8 intestinal juice= 7.5 urine= 6 (4.5 to 8) |
| Physiological Buffeer | Resits changes in pH (convert strong acids or bases to weak ones) System that controls output of acids, bases or CO2 ex: urinary system buffers greatest quantity, takes several hours; respiratory system buffers within minutes, limited quantity |
| Chemical Buffer Systems | Resits changes in pH (convert strong acids or bases to weak ones) Restore normal pH in fractions of a second ex: bicarbonate, phosphate and protein systems bind H+ and transport H+ to an exit (kidney/lung) |
| Acidosis (Acidemia) | drop in blood plasma pH below 7.35; causes a depress in the CNS causes coma causes death Causes: respiratory (CO2 accumulates in blood-hypo-ventilation, pneumonia, asthma) or metabolic (strenuous work, low fat diets, starvation) |
| Alkalosis (Alkalemia) | rise in plasma pH above 7.45 (to 7.8) overexcites CNS; may lead to muscle tetany, extreme nervousness, convulsions, respiratory arrest causes: hyperventilation, temper tantrums, asthma, anxiety, high altitude, excessive vomiting, laxatives |
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