The Human Circulatory System

Description

The Human Circulatory System. This covers the heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and blood.
Wizard Bunny
Flashcards by Wizard Bunny, updated more than 1 year ago
Wizard Bunny
Created by Wizard Bunny about 3 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
What 4 components does the circulatory system consist of? Heart Blood Vessels Blood Lymph Vessels
What 2 main tasks does the circulatory system perform? Delivers oxygen & nutrients to every cell in the body Remove waste products from every cell in the body
Where is the heart located? Between the lungs & behind the breastbone
What are the names of the 4 chambers of the heart? At the top sit 2 Atria - left & right At the bottom sit 2 Ventricles - left & right
How much blood per minute does the heart typically pump? 5 litres
What are the actions of a single heartbeat? Deoxygenated blood (dark) fills the right atrium. The right atrium contracts, filling the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts, sending blood to the lungs, where carbon dioxide (CO2) is released & oxygen is acquired. Oxygenated blood (red) returns to the LEFT atrium. Left atrium contracts, filling LEFT ventricle. Left ventricle contracts, pumping oxygenated blood to the body's cells.
How often does the heart beat per minute? 60 - 100 times per minute
What causes the heart to beat? Electricity
What are the 2 types of cells the heart is made up of? Electrical Muscle (Myocardial)
What are Myocardial (heart muscle) cells responsible for? The heart's pumping ACTION
What are the heart's electrical cells responsible for? Generating and conducting the electrical current which stimulates the muscle cells to contract.
What is the name of the system of Myocardial and electrical cells? The Cardiac Conduction System
What are the components of the Cardiac Conduction System? Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) Bundle of His Left and right bundle branches Purkinje fibers
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) What does the SA Node do? What is the SA node also known as? What goes it govern? Generates electrical implues at the rate of 60 - 100 times per minute. The heart's "Pacemaker". The heart's rhythm.
Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) What does the AV Node do? It is the "backup Pacemaker" and can generate 40 - 60 beats per minute.
In the case of Sinoatrial Node (SA Node) failure, what happens? The Atrioventricular Node (AV Node) takes over but at a slower pace (40-60 NOT 60-100 BPM)
What are the names of the 3 types of blood vessels? Arteries Veins Capillaries
What do arteries carry? Where to? Oxygenated blood (bright red). Atrerioels to Capillaries.
What do veins carry? Where to? Deoxygenated blood & waste products. Back to the heart.
What do capillaries carry? Oxygenated blood from arteries via smaller arterioles.
What are venules? What do they carry? Where do they empty? Venules are tiny veins. Deoxygenated blood & waste products. Into larger veins.
Where do veins return blood to the heart? Via the Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena Cava
How much blood is in the average human body? Approx.: 5 quarts 4.5 to 5.5 litres 10.5 pints
What are the 4 components of blood? Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
How much plasma makes up blood? Approx. 55%
What is Fibrinogen? It is used to clot blood
What can be found in plasma? Nutrients Proteins Electrolytes Hormones Respiratory Gasses Fibrinogen Water
What are red blood cells called? Erythrocytes
What are white blood cells called? Leukocytes
What do Leukocytes (white blood cells) do? Protect against infections and tissue damage by destroying harmful bacteria and viruses
What do Erythrocytes (red blood cells) do? Carry oxygen molecules
What are platelets called? Thrombocytes
What do Thrombocytes do? Help to form clots to stop blood loss and help to repair tissue damage.
How do Thrombocytes and Fibrinogen work together? Thrombocytes stick to one another & to the edges of the injury. Fibrinogen fibres entangle with Thrombocytes to help form a clot.
What do Lymph Vessels do? Collect & move lymph fluid
What is lymph fluid made up of? Excess fluid the body's cells have taken from blood, known as Interstitial Fluid. Fat absorbed from the small intestine. A white blood cell named Lymphocyte.
What is the difference between Leukocytes and Lymphocytes? Leukocytes are found in the systemic blood system Lymphocytes are found in the lymphatic system
What do veins have inside them? What do they do? Valves to help prevent the backflow of blood.
What do larger lymph vessels have inside them? What do they do? Valves to help prevent the backflow of lymph fluid.
Where do lymph vessels travel to? Lymph nodes.
What do lymph nodes do? Clean lymph fluid of disease-causing agents
What are the names of the ducts lymph vessels empty into? Thoracic Duct Right Lymphatic Duct
Where do the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct drain into? What happens next? The left and right subclavian veins. The lymph fluid is returned to the main circulatory system.
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