2902961
Description
Flashcards by le.duo2000, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by le.duo2000
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| evolution | all of the processes that have transformed life over an immense period of time |
| adaptation | inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| biodiversity | the variety of life on earth |
| speciation | development of a new species |
| extinction | elimination of a species |
| fossil record | chronological collection of life's remains in rock layers recorded during the passage of time |
| fossil | preserved remains of ancient organisms |
| homologous structures | similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor |
| vestigial organ | organ that serves no useful function in an organism |
| natural selection | process by which individuals better suited to their environments survive and reproduce the most successfully |
| natural variation | differences among individuals of the same species |
| Darwinian fitness | the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to those genes contributed by others |
| macroevolution | major biological changes evident in the fossil record |
| microevolution | generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population |
| gene pool | all the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population |
| allele frequency | how often certain alleles occur in the gene pool |
| genetic equilibrium | allele frequencies in a gene pool do not change |
| genetic drift | change in gene pool due to chance |
| bottle neck effect | gene pool greatly decrease by natural disaster such as earthquake, volcano, flood, drought, fire , epidemic |
| founder effect | a few individuals colonize an island, lake or new habitat |
| gene flow | exchange of genes with another population |
| immigration | new individuals entering a population |
| emigration | individuals leaving a population |
| reproductive isolation | condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding |
| geographic isolation | separation of populations as a result of geographic change or a migration to a geographically isolated place |
| adaptive radiation | the evolution of many species from a common ancestor because of diverse environments |
| directional selection | when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or other end |
| stabilizing selection | individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either ends of the curve |
| disruptive selection | individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle |
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