Flashcards
Solutions and Solubility
Cards in this deck (28)
- 1All solutions have which 2 parts?1. Solute
2. Solvent - 2What is a solute?Substance that is dissolved, present in a smaller amount
- 3What is a solvent?Part of a solution present in larger amounts, which dissolves the solute
- 4What happens when you cool a solution or let it sit for a long time?A precipitate forms.
- 5What is a precipitate?A solid that comes back out of its solution due to a physical reaction
- 6Why do solutes seem to disappear in a solvent?Whenever a solution forms, particles of the solute leave each other and become surrounded by particles of the solvent
- 7When does the solute dissolve? When does it only happen?-When a solute is dropped into a solvent, the solvent molecules "attack" the solute and pull it apart
-This only happens if the solvent-solute attraction is higher than the solvent-solvent interactions and solute-solute interactions - 8The reasons why so many materials dissolve in water is because:it is a polar molecule
(polarity of water) - 9What is a concentration?Describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of the solvent
- 10What is "dilute"?A mixture that has little solute dissolved in it
- 11What is "concentrated" ?A mixture that has a lot of solute dissolve in it
- 12Why do we use the terms dilute and concentrated?They are used when comparing the concentration of 2 solutions with the same type of solute and solvent
- 13What is solubility?-another physical property
-measurement that describes the limit of how much solute dissolves in a given amount (100 g) of solvent at a given temperature
(a measurement of how weak a solute dissolves in a solvent at a given temp.) - 14What is a saturated, unsaturated and super saturated solution?1. A mixture that has the max. amount of solute that can dissolve
2. A mixture in which more solute can dissolve
3. More solute added than the solvent can hold - 15What are the factor that affect solubility?-temperature
-nature of solute and solvent
-pressure (gasses only) - 16How does temperature affect solubility?Solubility increases with an increase in temp. (liquid-solid solution). There are some exceptions to this
Gases are more soluble in colder solvents than in hotter solvents (liquid-gas solutions) because of entropy - 17Why are gases are more soluble in colder solvents than in hotter solvents (liquid-gas solutions) ?Gases have the highest entropy
Liquids are in the middle
Solids have the lowest entropy - 18Explain how the nature of the solute and solvent affects solubility.Size of molecule of the solute.
Attraction to solute/solvent particles. - 19What are the factors that affect rate of solution (a measure of how fast a substance dissolves) ?-Size of particle
-Stirring
-Amount of solute already dissolved
-Temperature - 20Explain how the size of particle affects the rate of solution.-it breaks up the solute into smaller pieces which increases the surf. area of contact b/w solute and solvent
- 21Explain how stirring affects the rate of solution.-it brings fresh portions of the solvent in contact with the solute, thereby increasing the rate of dissolving
- 22Explain how the amount of solute already dissolved affects the rate of solution.-When there is little or no solute in solution, dissolving takes place relatively rapidly.
-As the solution approaches saturation, dissolving takes place more slowly - 23Explain how temperature affects the rate of solution.For liquids and solid solutes, increasing the temp. not only increases the amount of solute that will dissolve but also increase the rate at which the solute will dissolve.
-For gases, the reverse is true. An increase in temp. decreases both solubility and rate of solution. - 24What happens to gasses when the temp. increases?An increase in temp. decreases both solubility and rate of solution.
- 25Why do we use a solubility curve?To determine the solubility of a compound at a particular temp.
- 26What does it mean when the line is ON the curve in a solubility curve?Solution is saturated
- 27What does it mean when the line is BELOW the curve in a solubility curve?Solution is unsaturated
- 28What does it mean when the line is ABOVE the curve in a solubility curve?Solution is supersaturated
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- Flashcards on Solutions and Solubility, created by Sunstar on 14/06/2015.
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- Sunstar
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