30236585
Description
Flashcards by Adriana Vincelli-Joma, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Adriana Vincelli-Joma
about 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| energy | ability to do work |
| work | -transfer of energy by force that causes object to be displaced -product of component of force in direction of displacement and magnitude of displacement |
| work formula | W = F d cosθ |
| net work | -work done by net force, or vector sum of all forces, acting on an object -W_net = F_net d cosθ |
| work-energy theorem | -net work on system equals change in quantity 1/2 m v^2 -W_net = 1/2 mv^2 - 1/2 mv_0^2 |
| kinetic energy | -energy object has by reason of its motion -KE = 1/2 m v^2 |
| work done by friction | -W_fr = f_k d cos(180) -W_fr = -f^k d |
| potential energy | energy due to position, shape, or configuration |
| gravitational potential energy | energy an object has due to its position in gravitational field |
| potential energy formula | W = Fd = mgh |
| conservative force | -force for which work done by or against it depends only on starting/ending points of motion and not path taken -e.g. gravitational force, force of elastic spring, electrostatic force |
| non-conservative force | -force whose work depends on path followed between given initial and final configurations -e.g. frictional force, push/pull, air resistance |
| potential energy of elastic spring | PE_s = 1/2 k x^2 -k: spring constant -x: displacement from not deformed position |
| conservative forces and energy | -W_c = ΔKE -W_c = -ΔPE -ΔKE + ΔPE = 0 |
| conservation of mechanical energy | rule that sum of kinetic energies and potential energies remains constant if only conservative forces act on and within system |
| law of conservation of energy | -total energy is constant in any process -energy may change in form or be transferred from one system to another, but total remains -KE_i + PE_i + W_nc + OE_i = KE_f + PE_f + OE_f |
| efficiency | -measure of effectiveness of input of energy to do work -Eff = (useful energy/work output)/(total energy input) -Eff = W_out/E_in |
| power | -rate at which work is done -P = W / t -P = F v |
| power and energy consumption | E = P x t |
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