3043152
Description
Flashcards by esther.westwood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by esther.westwood
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What problems can occur in the skin? | 1. Infection (cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis) 2. Lumps (lipoma, liposarcoma) |
| Which organisms cause necrotizing fasciitis? What is the mortality? | Strep A; gram negatives 20% |
| A) What is the epidemiology of Dupuytren's contracture (M:F ratio, age?) B) What are the causes of Dupuytren's contracture? | A) M>F ; >40 B) Genetics, trauma, diabetes, alcoholism, phenytoins, liver cirrhosis |
| What problems can occur in the muscle? | Tear/rupture Infection Inflammation Lumps Contracture |
| A) What is this? B) What causes it? | A) Volkmann's ischaemic contracture B) Acute ischaemia/necrosis of the flexor muscles of the forearm due to obstruction of the brachial artery at the elbow from e.g. supracondylar fracture of the humerus |
| What problems can occur in the tendons? | Rupture Inflammation Infection |
| Which tendons most commonly rupture? | Rotator cuff Biceps Quadriceps Achilles |
| What is this? | Biceps tendon rupture |
| A) Who gets quadriceps tendon ruptures? (M:F ratio, age) B) What are the clinical symptoms and signs (including x-ray)? | A) M>F; 50-60s B) Pain and swelling in the knee Palpable defect Unable to straight leg raise X-ray: patella in lower position |
| A) Who most commonly gets Achilles tendon ruptures? (Age, MoI) B) What are the symptoms/signs? | A) >30yo; someone kicked in the calf B) Difficulty in walking Palpable defect in tendon Positive Thompson test |
| Which problems can occur in the blood vessels? | Aneurysms Lumps DVT |
| What problems can occur in the nerves? | Lumps (neuroma; neurofibroma) |
| A) What is Morton's neuroma? B) Where does it commonly occur? C) How does it commonly present? | A) Fibrotic changes in the common digital nerves (on the plantar side) causes metatarsalgia B) The 2nd and 3rd interdigital spaces C) Neuralgic pain in the toe/interdigital space |
| What problems can occur in the ligaments? | Sprain Tear |
| Which ligaments most commonly tear? | Elbow - radial and ulnar collateral ligaments Knee - MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL Ankle - Medial = Deltoid ligament Lateral = Anterior talofibular ligament; Posterior talofibular ligament; calcaneofibular ligament |
| What problems can occur in the bursae? | Inflammation Infection |
| Which bursae are most likely to become inflamed? | Subacromial bursa Olecranon bursa Trochanteric bursa Prepatellar bursa Infrapatellar bursa |
| What problems can occur in fibrocartilage? | Tears |
| A) Which cartilage is most likely to tear and what are the symptoms? B) What are the causes? C) How can it be diagnosed? | A) Medial meniscus. Locking and pain B) Trauma, degenerative C) McMurray's test, MRI |
| What problems can occur in the intervertebral discs? | Prolapse/bulge Infection |
| A) Who gets prolapsed intervertebral discs? (Age) B) What are the symptoms? C) How is it diagnosed? | A) Young adults B) Radiating pain (sciatica), neurological symptoms C) MRI |
| A) What are the symptoms of disciitis? B) What is the mortality? | A) Pain, neurological symptoms B) 10% |
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