3021916
Description
Flashcards by esther.westwood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by esther.westwood
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a displaced fracture? | One in which the bone breaks into 2 or more parts which then do not align. |
| How may a fracture be displaced? | By angulation, rotation or shortening |
| What is a comminuted fracture? | A fracture in which the bone has broken into several pieces, usually as a result of a high impact injury. |
| What is an impacted fracture? | One in which two bones have been forced against each other. |
| What is a pathological fracture? What might cause one? | A fracture following minimal trauma in a bone already weakened by a disease process. Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, Metabolic disorders, tumour |
| What is the Gustillo and Anderson score? | A score used to determine the infection risk from open fractures. 1. Simple # wound <1cm 2. Simple # wound >1cm 3. Multifragmentary # of any wound size 3a) adequate soft tissue cover 3b) requires plastics input 3c) vascular injury |
| What is the first aid treatment of an open fracture? | 1. Advanced trauma life support 2. Photograph 3. Cover 4. Reduce and immobilise 5. Check neurovascular status 6. Antibiotics and tetanus 7. X-ray 8. Prepare for theatre |
| What are some specific paediatric fractures? | Buckle fractures Greenstick fractures Epiphyseal fractures |
| What are the stages of fracture healing and how long does it take? | 1. Haematoma 2. Acute inflammatory response 3. Organisation 4. Callus formation (woven, then lamellar) 5. Remodelling 3 (phalanges) -12 (femur) weeks |
| What are some local factors that will affect bone healing? | Infection Blood supply Interposition of soft tissue Type of bony injury Movement |
| What are some systemic factors that will affect bone healing? | Poor nutritional state Chronic disease Diabetes Malignancy Smokers Drugs Steroids NSAIDs |
| What are the principles of fracture management? | Reduce Immobilise Rehabilitate Protect the soft tissues |
| What are the types of non-operative fracture management? | Backslap Plaster of paris Functional brace Splint Tubigrip |
| What are the types of operative fracture management? | Internal fixations (K-wiring; screws; plates; intra-medullary devices) External fixations (monolateral; rings; hybrids) |
| What are some a) early b) intermediate and c) late complications of fracture surgery? | A) Blood loss Neurovascular injury Compartment syndrome B) Infection VTE C) Non-union/malunion Arthritis Avascular necrosis Contracture Venous insufficiency |
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