3111750
| Question | Answer |
| Vital Signs | -cardinal signs temperature, pulse, and respiration (TPR), and blood pressure (BP) pain assessment sometimes included height and weight and patient's oxygen saturation |
| Patient Intake | describes the process of obtaining vital signs and measurements, and conducting a brief patient interview -reason for visit (complaint) -patient history or update info -height and weight -vital signs |
| Height and Weight | mensuration- means measurement fluctuations with height or weight could indicate health disorder or illness |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a numerical correlation between a patient's height and weight *multiply weight in lbs by 703 *divide the total by height in inches *divide by height in inches *result is BMI less than 18.5: underweight 18.6-24.9: acceptable 25.0-29.9: overweight greater than 30: obese |
| Waist Circumference | measured in standing position, tape measure placed around patient's waist just superior to the hip bone |
| Weight Circumference to establish body fat | -measurements for a woman greater than 35 in would be considered excessive -measurements for a man greater than 40 in considered excessive |
| Body Fat Calipers | are devices that measure skin folds on different parts of the body |
| Temperature | staying within a particular temperature range is essential for the body to maintain homeostasis tissues and cells in the body function best between 97F and 99F |
| Structures that Help Regulate Temperature | -The Hypothalamus: within the brain; aka thermostat -Blood Vessels: when hot; vasodilation occurs. when cold vasoconstriction -The Integumentary System: allows the body o lose heat through perspiration -The Neurmuscular System: controls shivering, and helps raise body temperature |
| Heat Produced Vs Heat Lost | if the amount of heat produced exceeds the amount lost, a fever occurs and the patient is febrile if the heat lost is greater than the amount produced, hypothermia can occur Normal temp is afebrile |
| Normal Temp | normal temp is approx: 98.6F must document the way the temp is taken rectal temps run higher than oral, axillary temps run lower than oral, and generally less accurate. Tympanic membrane, or aural (ear) temps run higher than oral readings because they are within a closed cavity |
| Temperature Conversion | Celsius to Fahrenheit: multiply the celsius reading by 9/5 and add 32 C= 36.1 X 9= 324.9/5= 64.98 + 32 = 97F Fahrenheit to Celsius: subtract fahrenheit by 32 then multipy 5/9 F= 97- 32 = 65 X 5= 325/9 = 36.1C |
| Normal Temps by Route | Oral: 98.6F-37.0C Aural (ear): 99.6F- 37.7C Rectal: 99.6-37.7C Temporal(forehead): 99.6F-37.7C Axillary(armpit): 97.6-36.3C |
| Fever | Low Grade: 100.4F- 102.2F (38C-39C) Moderate: 102.2F-104F (39C-40C) High-Grade: 104-107.6 (40C-42C) Hyperpyrexia: greater than 107.6 (42C) Lethal: greater than 109F (43C) |
| Pulse- Temporal | locate in the temple region of cranium, mainly used in emergency situations |
| Pulse- Apex | located at the apex of the heart or at the fifth intercostal can be palpated or can be listening to with a stethoscope. used to check pulse in infants and children up to the age of three |
| Pulse- Brachial | located in the antecubital space at the front side of the elbow used for blood pressure in adults, checkpoints for infants recieving CPR, and artery is compressed to control bleeding |
| Pulse- Carotid | located laterally to midline of the anterior neck easy to palpate |
| Pulse- Dorsalis Pedis | located on the superior surface of the foot difficult to palpate used to assess circulation in the foot |
| Pulse- Femoral | located in the center of the groin region used to assess circulation and control bleeding |
| Pulse- Popliteal | located on the posterior surface of the knee can be used for blood pressure best palpated when the knee is slightly bent |
| Pulse- Posterior tibial | the medial aspect of ankle used to assess circulation |
| Pulse- Radial | radial or thumb side of wrist checking pulse rates in adults |
| Average Pulse Rates | Newborn:140 0-6 M: 130 6-12 M: 115 12- 24 M: 110 2-6 years: 100 Early school Age: 95 Adolescene through adulthood: 80 Geriatric: 74 Athletes: 60 Elite athletes:50 |
| Pulse | heart rate over 100 BPM- tachycardia heart rate below 60 BPM- bradycardia |
| Pulse rhythem | interval timing between measured beats |
| Arrhythmias/Dysrhymias | are irregularities may order EKG or ECG |
| Pulse Volume | strength of the pulse, the amount of blood being discharged from the heart |
| Taking an Apical Pulse | is taken with the aid of a stethoscope. the diaphragm is placed over the apex of the heart |
| Resipratory Values in breaths per minute | Newborn: 30-60 min 12-24 M: 20-40 Min 8-15 years: 15-25 min 16 years- adult: 16-20 min |
| Describing Patient's Respiration | -Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing -Orthopnea: easiest breathing while in sitting or standing postion -Tachypnea: rapid rate with normal or shallow resiprations -Hyperpnea/Hyperventilation: rapid and deep respiration Bradypnea: breathing abnormally slow |
| systole | when the cardiac ventricles contract Systolic pressure- greatest amount of force is applied to the aterial vessels the top number when recording blood pressure |
| Diastole | when cardiac ventricles relax the pressure is lower during this phase as the heart relaxes and is referred to as diastolic pressure the bottom number |
| Adult Blood Pressure | Normal: Sys: less than 120 Dia: less than80 Prehypertensive: Sys: 120-139 Dia: 80-89 Stage 1 hypertension: 140-159 Dia: 90-99 Stage 2 hypertension: greater than 159 Dia: greater than 99 |
| Korotkoff Sounds | Phase one-the first sound heard Phase 2: sound intensifies to swooshing tone Phase 3:sound becomes stronger Phase 4: the pulsation become softer Phase 5: totally inaudible |
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