316153
Description
Flashcards by carlyreier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by carlyreier
almost 13 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Classical Conditioning | Pavlovian: Use stimulus to create a response. Condition stimuli and responses. Tangible/predictable patterns of behavior |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | causes automatic, physical response |
| Unconditioned Response | automatic reflexive response |
| Operant Conditioning | Skinner: reward/punishment presented after natural behavior causes learning/shaping. behaviors can be random |
| Operant Level | number of times the behavior happens prior to conditioning |
| Shaping | experimental rewards successive approximations that lead to a complicated response |
| Successive approximations | small steps to learning a complicated behavior |
| differential reinforcements | reinforce only the appropriate response and apply extinction to all other responses |
| reinforcement | increases likelihood of a behavior |
| punishment | decreases the likelihood of a behavior |
| positive reinforcement | presents a reward |
| negative reinforcement | takes away a negative stimulus |
| positive punishment | adds an element that decreases the likelihood of the behavior |
| negative punishment | takes away something pleasurable |
| extinction | when a behavior becomes progressively weakened upon non reinforcement |
| What are the drawbacks of using punishment? | instills fear, teaches only what not to do, justifies infliction of pain |
| Primary Reinforcer | related to survival (food, water, oxygen, elimination, sexual activity) |
| Secondary Reinforcer | biologically neutral; associated with primary (money=food) Responsible for most human behavior |
| Reinforcement Schedules | intervals when rewards or punishments are given |
| Fixed Interval Schedule | rewards presented at set intervals of time |
| Variable Interval Schedule | rewards presented at varying times |
| Fixed Ratio Schedule | reward presented continuously after a number of repetitions of the behavior |
| Variable Ratio Schedule | (best rate of response) Reward presented after an unknown number of repetitions |
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