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Flashcards by bethanybrown21, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bethanybrown21
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Fitness | How well you can perform physical tasks. |
| Healthy | Being free from infection and disease. |
| What is fitness measured in? | Speed Stamina Cardiovascular efficiency |
| How is blood pumped around the body? | Contractions of the heart. |
| What does the blood flow through when it moves away from the heart? | Arteries |
| What does the blood flow though when going back to the heart? | Veins |
| How does blood get to every cell in the body? | Capilleries |
| When is blood pressure highest? | When the heart contracts. (Systolic pressure) |
| When is blood pressure lowest? | When the heart relaxes. (Diastolic pressure) |
| Blood pressure is measured in... | mm of mercury (mmHg) |
| Healthy blood pressure... | 85-135 |
| High blood pressure is caused by... | Poor diet Smoking Stress |
| Balanced diet | Balanced diet contains all your essential nutrients. |
| Essential nutrients | Carbohydrates Protein Fats Water Vitamins Minerals |
| Carbohydrates | .Provide energy .Made up of simple sugars .Convert to fats |
| Protein | .For growth and repair .Aren't stored .Made up of amino acids |
| Fats | .Made up of fatty acids & glycerol .Stored under skin or around organs as adipose tissues. |
| Vitamins | E.g. Vitamin C can prevent scurvy |
| Minerals | E.G. Iron makes haemoglobin for healthy blood. |
| Water | Prevents dehydration |
| Deficiency | To be lacking in a certain nutrient. (e.g. kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency that causes swelling.) |
| Eating disorders | Having a mental or physical reason for not eating foods. (e.g. anorexia can lead to under-nutrition.) |
| BMI | Body Mass Index Indicates whether you are under or over weight. |
| BMI=... | BMI=Bodymass(kg) Height(m) squared |
| Different needs | Age Sex Activity |
| Infectious diseases are caused by... | Pathogens |
| Types of microorganisms | Fungi Bacteria Virus Protozoa |
| Symptoms are caused by... | Cell damage or toxins produced by the pathogen. |
| What stop pathogens reproducing? | White blood cells |
| Pathogen | Microorganism that causes disease |
| Parasite | Organism that lives off another and causes it harm. |
| Vectors | Carry disease without being harmed themselves. |
| Infected | Inserting a parasite into a person's blood vessels. |
| White blood cells can attack by... | Consuming them- They engulf and digest foreign cells. |
| White blood cells can attack by... | Produce antitoxins- Counter the affect any poisons produced by the pathogen. |
| White blood cells can attack by... | Produce antibodies- 1. WBCs produce antibodies specific to the pathogen's surface area. They lock on and kill the new invading cells. 2.They then produce rapidly to lock onto all pathogens. 3.Some WBCs stay in the blood ready to lock onto another cell in future. 4. This makes a person naturally immune to that pathogen. |
| Cancer | Caused by cells dividing out of control and causing a tumour |
| Benign | When the tumour grows until there is no more room and just stays. They aren't dangerous. |
| Malignant | When the tumour grows and can move to other sites. Can be fatal |
| Drugs are tested by... | 1. Computer models 2. Human tissues 3. Animals |
| Depressants | Slow brain activity and response of the nervous system |
| Stimulants | Increase brain activity |
| Pain killers | Reduce the number of painful stimuli at nerve endings |
| Performance enhancers | Build muscles and allow athletes to train harder |
| Hallucinogens | Distort what's seen and heard by altering pathways that the brain sends messages along. |
| Central nervous system is made up of... | The brain and spine |
| There are 3 types of neurone that make it up. | Motor neurone Sensory neurone Relay neurone |
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