Flashcards
Laboratory diagnostics
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1Utility of blood tests1. primary diagnosis or excluding a diagnosis
2. Screening for disease
3. Establishing of risk factors
4. Prognosis
5. Monitoring of treatment - 2B, P, S, U, fB = whole blood, P = plasma, S = serum, U = urine
•f-character refers to fasting sample - 3blood tests measure•levels or properties of different factors
•levels of substances transported through the blood stream
•substances produced by the body or substances originating outside the body (nutrients, drugs, toxins, pathogens, etc.) - 4Measured in blood to detect and monitor the tissue damage, and to assess the extent of the damageMarkers of cardiac injury (cardiac troponins in myocardial infarction)
Hepatocellular injury (ALAT, GT)
Acute pancreatitis (amylase, lipase)
Tumour markers (e.g. PSA) - 5Bacteria, viruses, yeasts, molds, protozoa detected by Culture media
Antigen detection
Staining + microscopy
Nucleic acid techniques (PCR) - 6Whole blood contains Drawn into tubes withCells+proteins + water + soluble substances
coagulant - 7Blood count:B -PVKT, Basic blood count
B -PVK+TKD Full blood count (+leukocytes count) - 8PlasmaContains all plasma proteins, incl. clotting factors, but no cells. • Sample is drawn into an anticoagulant containing tube, the cells are centrifuged to the bottom of the tube and plasma is separated.
• Faster to produce than serum
• More suitable for assessing the body in vivo properties
• Most chemical analyses are performed from plasma samples - 9SerumNo cells, devoid of fibrinogen and some other clotting factors.
Sample is drawn to tube (could be with procoagulant) to form clot and centrifuge it down
Can be used in most chemical analyses, but preparing takes more time compared to plasma - 10preanalytical variablesBiological variations; intra-individual variability
Physical activity: Strenuous exercise induces stress reaction, followed by increased
stress hormone release - 11The effects of diet on analyte concentrationsBlood glucose elevated
Triglycerides elevated - 12Without fasting -Lipemia - 'cloudy sample', interfering with early all photometric measurement
- 13—
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- Musculoskeletal system, tissues and basic immunology
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- Alexandra Shabanova
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