Macromolecules

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unit 1
Kayla Taylor
Flashcards by Kayla Taylor, updated more than 1 year ago
Kayla Taylor
Created by Kayla Taylor almost 4 years ago
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Question Answer
Hydrocarbon chains of carbon and hydrogens
monosaturated one double bond
unsaturated a double bond
saturated max number of hydrogens no double bonds
Fiber important component of diet helps sweep out digestive system
4 macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acids
monomer small individual organic molecules
polymer monomer conbined
Dehydration sythesis build a polymer out of monomers water molecule released to create bonds
Hydrololysis breaking down polymers adding a water molecule to break bonds
carbohydrates function energy
carbohydrates inclue 3 subtypes of Sugars
3 subtypes of sugar -monosaccharide - disaccharide -polysaccharide
simple sugar monosaccharide ex. glucose
storage of glucose glycogen
2 monosaccharides disaccharide ex maltose= 2 glucose
more than 2 monosaccharide polysaccharides long chains
Enantiomers molecules that share the same chemical strucutre but are mirrored images L- left D- right
structure and function of polysaccharide depends on monomers and position of glycosidic bonds
covalent bonds that are formed between monosaccharides Glycosidic
What is starch Storage polysaccharide
macromolecule that is nonpolar, hydrophobic and made of hydrocarbons Lipid
what are the two main component of a lipid Glycerol and fatty acid
What is a glycerol composed of 3 carbon alcohols with hydroxyl group on each carbon
Triglyceride 3 fatty acids and glycerol
Type of linkage in lipids ester linkage
saturated fats no double bonds and solid at room temp
unsaturated fats double bonds and liquid at room temp
-ane -ene -yne -single carbon bond -double carbon bond -triple carbon bond
aldoses carbonyl group at end
ketoses carbonyl group in middle
Amylose, branched or unbranched (starch) unbranched
Amylopectin, branched or unbranched (starch) branched
most common monosaccharide Glucose
what is a fatty acid carboxyl group attached to hydrocarbon
Omega 3s essential fatty acid body does not synthesis it
fats function energy storage 9 kcal per gram
where do mammals store fat adipose cells
what is a phosolipid major component of cell membrane -2 fatty acids -modified phosphate group -glycerol
what part of a phospholipid is hydrophobic and hydrophillic fatty acids - hydrophobic phosphate - hydrophillic
Amphipathic both hydrophobic and hydrophillic
what is a steriod carbon skeleton of 4 linked rings
most abundent and diverse macromolecule protien
monomer of protiens amino acid
amino acids are linked together with ____ bonds peptide
primary structure amino acid sequence
secondary structure alpha helix or beta sheets
tertiary structure 3-d structure
bonds that hold together secondary protien structure hydrogen bonds
quaternary structure 2 or more polypeptide chains doesnt always get to quaternary
macromolecule that carries blueprints for protiens nucleic acids
central dogma of bio dna-mrna-protien
polymer of nucleic acids polynucleotides
components of polynuceotides -nitrogenous base -pentose suagr -phosphate group
pyrimides single rings -cytosine -thymine
purines 2 rings -adenine -guanine
polynucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
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