Created by Sara Aragona
almost 3 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Hasty Generalization | When someone bases a conclusion on too little evidence. Several more experiences are needed to come to a proper conclusion |
Non Sequitur | Latin, "It does not follow." Unwarranted conclusions from seemingly ample evidence. (Note: different from generalizing. There is no evidence in that case.) |
Stereotyping | Attaches one or more supposed characteristics to a group or one of its members. Images are often malicious and always offensive to fair minded readers |
Card Stacking | Writer presents only part of the available evidence on the topic. Deliberately omits essential information. Ignores relevant details. |
Either/Or Fallacy | Asserts that only two choices exist when several options are possible. Used to sway an audience toward a particular decision *not all are fallacies. some things really are black and white. observe. |
Begging the Question | Asserts the truth of some unproved statement. No evidence is offered. People lacking principles use this fallacy to hit opponents below the belt. |
Circular Argument | Supports a position by merely restating it |
Arguing off point | Ignoring the question, or "red herring." Introduces irrelevant information. |
Argument ad Hominem | Latin, "to the man." Attacks the individual rather than his/her opinions or qualifications. |
Appeal to the crowd | Arouses an emotional response by playing on irrational fears and prejudices of an audience. (Consider Adolf Hitler and his speech on law and order.) |
Guilt by Association | Points out some similarity or connection between one person or group and another. Usually has nothing to do with the substance of what the person is supporting. |
Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc | Latin: "After this, therefore because of this." Fallacy assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second. An example would be a superstition. Connection cannot be substantiated. |
Faulty Analogy | Assuming that two circumstances or things are similar in all important respects, when in fact they are not. |
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