Fallacies

Question	Answer
Hasty Generalization	When someone bases a conclusion on too little evidence. Several more experiences are needed to come to a proper conclusion
Non Sequitur	Latin, "It does not follow." Unwarranted conclusions from seemingly ample evidence. (Note: different from generalizing. There is no evidence in that case.)
Stereotyping	Attaches one or more supposed characteristics to a group or one of its members. Images are often malicious and always offensive to fair minded readers
Card Stacking	Writer presents only part of the available evidence on the topic. Deliberately omits essential information. Ignores relevant details.
Either/Or Fallacy	Asserts that only two choices exist when several options are possible. Used to sway an audience toward a particular decision *not all are fallacies. some things really are black and white. observe.
Begging the Question	Asserts the truth of some unproved statement. No evidence is offered. People lacking principles use this fallacy to hit opponents below the belt.
Circular Argument	Supports a position by merely restating it
Arguing off point	Ignoring the question, or "red herring." Introduces irrelevant information.
Argument ad Hominem	Latin, "to the man." Attacks the individual rather than his/her opinions or qualifications.
Appeal to the crowd	Arouses an emotional response by playing on irrational fears and prejudices of an audience. (Consider Adolf Hitler and his speech on law and order.)
Guilt by Association	Points out some similarity or connection between one person or group and another. Usually has nothing to do with the substance of what the person is supporting.
Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc	Latin: "After this, therefore because of this." Fallacy assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second. An example would be a superstition. Connection cannot be substantiated.
Faulty Analogy	Assuming that two circumstances or things are similar in all important respects, when in fact they are not.

Hasty Generalization

When someone bases a conclusion on too little evidence. Several more experiences are needed to come to a proper conclusion

Non Sequitur

Latin, "It does not follow." Unwarranted conclusions from seemingly ample evidence. (Note: different from generalizing. There is no evidence in that case.)

Stereotyping

Attaches one or more supposed characteristics to a group or one of its members. Images are often malicious and always offensive to fair minded readers

Card Stacking

Writer presents only part of the available evidence on the topic. Deliberately omits essential information. Ignores relevant details.

Either/Or Fallacy

Asserts that only two choices exist when several options are possible. Used to sway an audience toward a particular decision *not all are fallacies. some things really are black and white. observe.

Begging the Question

Asserts the truth of some unproved statement. No evidence is offered. People lacking principles use this fallacy to hit opponents below the belt.

Circular Argument

Supports a position by merely restating it

Arguing off point

Ignoring the question, or "red herring." Introduces irrelevant information.

Argument ad Hominem

Latin, "to the man." Attacks the individual rather than his/her opinions or qualifications.

Appeal to the crowd

Arouses an emotional response by playing on irrational fears and prejudices of an audience. (Consider Adolf Hitler and his speech on law and order.)

Guilt by Association

Points out some similarity or connection between one person or group and another. Usually has nothing to do with the substance of what the person is supporting.

Post Hoc, ergo Propter Hoc

Latin: "After this, therefore because of this." Fallacy assuming that because one event follows another, the first caused the second. An example would be a superstition. Connection cannot be substantiated.

Faulty Analogy

Assuming that two circumstances or things are similar in all important respects, when in fact they are not.

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	Created by Sara Aragona over 2 years ago