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Description
Flashcards by zombies_duhhh, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by zombies_duhhh
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid (deoxyribose sugar); polymer of nucleotides that contains all hereditary information; located in the nucleus. |
| nucleotide | monomer of a nucleic acid; made up of a 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base! |
| Chromatin/Chromosomes | the form of DNA coiled and packed in the nucleus. |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid; often carries the message of DNA |
| Nitrogen Bases | make up the internal structure of DNA and RNA; Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine; Stairsteps of the ladder |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA; end product of transcription, leaves nucleus to deliver the genetic message of DNA to the ribosomes |
| rRNA | Ribosomal RNA; molecule that composes ribosomes to aid in the process of translation. |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; molecule that bonds with amino acids and transfers them to ribosomes for protein synthesis/translation |
| Transcription | first step in producing proteins- making mRNA from DNA so the genetic message can leave the nucleus; Occurs in the nucleus |
| Translation | process of assembling amino acids into proteins from the information coded in RNA; occurs at the ribosomes |
| Codon | 3 mRNA nucleotides in sequence to code for 1 amino acid |
| Amino acids | molecules that are assembled into proteins from the information coded in RNA; occurs in the nucleus |
| Protein | Organic compound made of amino acids that is responsible for cell specialization, gene expression, growth, repair, and many critical cellular functions |
| Substitution mutation | occurs when one pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another, often causes adverse effects in development or functioning of an organism (point mutation) |
| Frameshift Mutation | occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted in the coding region of a gene; also called additions or deletions |
| Gel Electrophoresis | Technique used to create a DNA fingerprint by separating fragments of DNA molecules through an electrically charged field |
| DNA fingerprinting | test used to identify individuals and catalogue endangered species |
| Transgenic organism | an organism with genes inserted from another organism to achieve a purpose |
| Human Genome project | complete mapping of the 20000 genes found in the human genetic code; 13 year project done by sequencing the base pairs of human DNA |
| Gene therapy | use of DNA to treat genetic disorders and diseases by replacing mutated genes with functional genes or genes to produce proteins |
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