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Description
Flashcards by shaunmei.lim, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shaunmei.lim
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Membranes | -Protected and covered each organelle -allowed separation; organelles wouldn't mix -controls what comes in and out of cell |
| Photosynthesis | -allowed E production -sunlight (plentiful resource) could be converted to E |
| Aerobic Respiration | -helped an organism utilize oxygen -organism produces more E, because it's energy efficient |
| Diploid | -have 2 sets of chromosomes -when a chromosome damaged, there is backup -more chromosomes=more genes=more genetic diversity -sexual reproduction possible |
| Multicellularity | -more morphological diversity -bigger->fewer predators -more dif. cells-> dif. fxns -more complex->back up cells |
| Why did marine creatures come before land creatures? | Land didn't develop on Earth til later, so it would have taken a longer time to evolve, no ozone layer-> creatures died of radiation |
| Endosymbiosis theory of eukaryotic cells | Prokaryotic cell must have been ingested-> didn't digest-> became mutually beneficial for each other-> became inseparable/single cell |
| Why prokaryote before eukaryote? | -Prokaryotes are more basic/less complex -as time went on, prokaryotes ate other organisms->eukaryotes -basic life is simple |
| Why did flowers evolve so late? | -first plants only released seeds/spores -as time went on->plants evolved-> competition for pollinators -Flowers are more complex-> require land to grow |
| Why did it take so long for the O2 concentration in the atm. to rise? | -Prokaryotes used photosynthesis to make oxygen-> oxygen used to make water-> after water saturated, it went into atm. |
| Why did photosynthesis come before respiration? | -Oxygen wasn't available -finding a way to make energy w/ plentiful resource was necessary -photosyn. makes oxygen-> need O2 to breathe |
| Evolution trends | simple->complex haploid->diploid aquatic-> terrestrial few big extinctions |
| Homologous | organisms w/ these structures share a common ancestor but might not look alike |
| Homologies | Anatomical: shared physical struc. and ancestry btwn. dif. species (like similar looking embryos, vestigial struc.) Molecular: similarities among organisms at the molecular level (like DNA and RNA) |
| Analogous | -organisms who look alike but come from different ancestors -they look alike because they live in a similar habitat |
| Parsimony/ Occam's Razor | Using the simplest explanation that is consistent w/ facts to take away unnecessary complications like using the fewest base changes and the fewest evolutionary events-> used to make phylogenetic trees |
| Various sources of fossils | -sedimentary rock -ice -amber |
| Relative dating of fossils | know when the fossil was laid down-> only know the sequence of fossils |
| Absolute dating of fossils | know the exact age of a fossil |
| Why fossil record is incomplete | When animals died, they might not have done it in the right place/time so the few fossils that we have endured geological forces and survived |
| Continental drift and phylogeny | CD altered habitats/ destroyed them, caused climate change -> organisms had to adapt, relocate, or go extinct. For example, tectonic plates moved-> oceans got deeper, lower sea level, drained coastal seas and killed off species in that habitat. |
| Half-life and radiometric dating | Used to find absolute age of fossil. Decaying of radioactive isotopes. Use rate of decay (measured in 1/2 lives) -> knowing #of years/half life will tell the age of a fossil. |
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