Flashcards
Artic & Phonology Ch 2
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1Phoneticsstudy of speech emphasizing the description and classification of speech sounds according to their production, transmission, and perceptual features
- 2articulatory phoneticsdeals with producution features of speech sounds, their categorization, and classification according to specific details of their production
- 3acoustic phoneticsdeals with the transmission properties of speech
- 4auditory phoneticsfocuses on how sound is perceived
- 5vowelsproduced with a relatively open vocal tract; no significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities is required
- 6consonantshave significant constriction in the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities during their production
- 7cognatespairs of similar sounds, differing only in their voicing feature
- 8sonorityloudness relative to that of other sounds with the same length, stress, and pitch
- 9sonorantsvowels are referred to as THIS because of the greater sonority over consonants
- 10sonorant consonantsproduced with relatively open expriatory passageway
- 11obstruentscharacterized by a complete of narrow constriction between the articulators hindering the expiratory airstream
- 12syllabicconsonant that functions as a syllable nucleus
- 13monophthongsquality remains the same throughout the entire production
- 14diphthongsvowels in which there is a chance in quality during their production
- 15onglideititial segment; beginning portion of a diphthong
- 16offglideend portion of a diphthong
- 17rising diphthongcommon in General American English; when producing diphthongs, tongue moves from lower onglide to higher offglide position
- 18centering diphthongsoffglide, or less prominent element of diphthong is a central vowel
- 19rhotic diphthongsdiphthongs paired with [er]
- 20active articulatorsAKA organs of articulation; parts within the vocal tract that actually move to achieve the articulatory result
- 21passive articulatorsAKA place of articulation; denotes the area within the vocal tract that remains motionless during consonant articulation
- 22manner of articulationtype of constriction that the active and passive articulators produce for the realization of a particular consonant
- 23sibilantssome fricatives that have a shaper sound than others because of the presence of a high-frequency component
- 24approximatesconsonants in which there is a much wider passage of air, resulting in a smooth (as opposed to turbulant) airflow for these voiced sounds
- 25liquidslaterals together with rhotics are collectively referred to as THIS
- 26voicingterm used to denote the presence or absence of simultaneous vibration of the vocal cords
- 27coarticulationdescribes the concept that the articulators are continually moving into position for other segments over a stretch of speech
- 28assimilationrefers to adaptive articulatory changes by which one speech sound becomes similar, sometimes identical to a neighboring sound segment
- 29peakmost prominent, acoustically most intense part of the syllable
- 30onsetconsists of all the segments prior to the peak
- 31codamade up of all sound segments of a syllable following the peak
- 32rhymepeak and coda together
- 33open / unchecked syllablessyllables that do not contain codas
- 34closed / checked syllablessyllables that do have codas
- 354 ways to categorize consonants1. active articulators
2. passive articulators
3. manner of articulation
4. voicing - 36stop-plosivescomplete occlusion is secured, at specific points in the vocal tract
[p] [b] - 37fricativesresult when active and passive articulators approximate each other so closely that the escaping expiratory airstream causes an audible friction
[f] [v] [θ] - 38nasalsthese consonants are produced with the velum lowered so that the air can pass freely through the nasal cavity
[m] [n] - 39affricates2 phases
1. Complete closure is formed between the active and passive articulators and the velum is raised
2. The stop is slowly released orally, resulting in the friction portion of the sound
[tʃ] [dʒ] - 40glidesthe constriction between active and passive articulators is not as narrow as for fricatives
[w] [j] - 41lateralsestablished by a midline closure but lateral openings within the oral cavity
- 42rhotics2 types:
1. retroflexed
2. bunched - 43Ease of syllable production is affected by:1. number of syllables an utterance contains
2. type of syllable (open / closed)
3. degree of syllable stress
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- undergraduate Artic & Phonol Flashcards on Artic & Phonology Ch 2 , created by Stephanie Elizabeth on 16/09/2015.
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