Flashcards
Chemistry exam
Cards in this deck (10)
- 1Define solvent and soluteSolvent: The major component of the mixture, which provides stabilizing interactions.
Solute: The minor Component Of The mixture, which is “dissolved” in the solvent. - 2Define solutionA homogeneous mixture, where a solute is dissolved in a solvent.
- Solutions aren’t always necessarily made by dissolving a solid in a liquid - 3Define homogenousHomogenous: the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
- 4Define saturated and supersaturated solutionSaturated Solution: A saturated solution is a solution which is in equilibrium with respect to dissolution and recrystallization of a given solute substance.
- In dynamic equilibrium
Supersaturation: A solution that contains more dissolved substance per litre than a saturated solution (i.e. not at equilibrium, but “metastable”)
- Disturbing the system (adding seed crystal or crystallizing surface) usually results in precipitation (formation of solid from a liquid solution).
- Crystallization is spontaneous, but there is an “activation energy barrier” to that happening
- The System Is Kinetically Stable, but thermodynamically unstable. - 5Define dilute and concentrated solutionDilute solution: containing small quantities of solute relative to the amount of solvent
Concentrated solution: containing large quantities of solute relative to the amount of solvent - 6Define molarity and how to calculateMolarity (M): moles of solute per liter of solution (simple solvent term, but volume of solvent isT dependent) - moles/L
M = moles solute / litres of solution - 7Define molality and how to calculate- Molality (m): moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (removes change in volume with temperature effect) - moles/kg
m = moles solute / mass of solvent
- 8Define and calculate mass percentMass Percent: mass of solute per mass of solution x 100% (simple, but no mole mole relations for solutes) - (g/g) x100%
mass % = mass of solute / mass of solution - 9Define and calculate Mole fraction and mole percentMole Fraction (xA): moles of A per total moles in solution (more calculations, but preserves mole mole relations) - moles/moles
Mole percent (xAx100%): same as mole fraction, but easier to read
xA = moles of solute A / moles of solution - 10Define and calculate modified mass fraction
Information
- Description
- Flashcards on Chemistry exam , created by Brianna Kolman on 15/12/2021.
- Created by
- Brianna Kolman
- Views
- 0
- Rating